KOFIH-GHANA LOCAL TRAINING PROGRAM
FOR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS
Ventilators
July 13th, 2021
THEODORE AMPONSAH
HEAD, LIFE SUPPORT
BEU-ID, MOH
Ventilator
The equipment to put air into the lungs of a patient
by generating a positive pressure.
Types of Ventilators
Intensive-care ventilators
SMART BAG – Bag Valve Mask Resuscitator
Transport ventilators
Intensive-care ventilators
Patient on Ventilator
Respiratory Interface
Respiratory Interface
Respiratory Principle
Circulatory system
Respiratory system Transport of nutrients and O2 into cells
O2 supply to cells
CO2 removal from cells Carrying metabolic by-products such as
CO2 from cells
The respiratory failure:
- Caused by failure to ventilate
- Caused by failure to oxygenate
Decreased arterial oxygen tension
Increased arterial carbon dioxide tension
The treatment for failure to ventilate:
- Increase the patient’s alveolar ventilation
- Adjust the rate and depth of breathing by using
mechanical ventilation
- Invasive or non-invasive ventilation
Mechanical Ventilation
What is mechanical Ventilation (MV) or
Assisted Ventilation?
Breathing can be assisted mechanically for people
who have spontaneous but weak breathing or for
people who cannot breath on their own.
Mechanical Ventilation, also known as assisted
ventilation,
ventilation can be used short-term or long term,
depending on individual’s medical needs.
Short-term use of Mechanical Ventilation
generally occurs in the hospital ICU, e.g., during
an acute illness or during and after an operation
until an individual can breath unassisted.
Long-term Mechanical Ventilation may be
necessary for extended periods or for life. It may
be indicated for some people with stable (chronic)
conditions such as obstructive lung diseases.
Ventilation (Breath) Modes
Basic Ventilation Modes: Method of Inspiratory Assistance
ACV Assisted Control Ventilation (A/CMV)
SIMV Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory
Ventilation
CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Spontaneous Allowed Patient Self Breath
Ventilation Mode
1. Controlled ventilation
2. Supported ventilation
3. Spontaneous breathing
4. Combined control and
supported ventilation
Pressure/Flow/Volume-Time Curves
SIMV (Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation)
Mixes controlled breaths and spontaneous breaths.
The trigger level determines the airway pressure or airway flow
t
no
ld
c ou
t
h bu
a t
re
ob
dt
t trie
en
P ati
eath
r br
gge
h Mac
eat hi n
t t ri
b r SPONT e co
ine bre ntinuo
en
h ath us
ac
Pati
M
Benefits of using Mechanical Ventilation
Maintaining and/or improving the oxygen and
carbon dioxide exchange in the blood
Resting the respiratory muscles
Decreasing the work of breathing (WoB)
Inflating the lungs more fully
Improving cough
Improving sleep quality
Preventing/avoiding hospitalization for respiratory
complications
Improving quality of life
Improving survival
Terms of Ventilation
Rate (Respiratory rate, Breathing rate
Frequency)
Breath (Mechanical breaths/Mandatory,
Patient breaths)
Volume (Tidal volume, Minute volume)
Sensitivity (Flow trigger, Pressure trigger)
Flow (Peak flow, Inspiratory flow)
Controls and Limit (Breathing volume,
Pressure and Time)
Ventilator Settings
FiO2: Blended oxygen the ventilator is delivering
during inspiration.
Breath Rate: Number of breaths delivered by the
ventilator per minute.
Tidal volume: Volume of mixed gas delivered with
each breath.
Sensitivity: Alerts the ventilator when to recognize
the start of a patient’s spontaneous breath (or
breathing effort). When the ventilator recognized the
patient’s effort, it triggers a response, either to
provide a mechanical breath or to support a
spontaneous breath.
Peak flow: Flow of mixed gas or air gas (flow
rate) used to deliver each mechanical breath
to the patient.
Inspiratory and Expiratory time: Total time
required for one complete respiratory cycle.
Cycling: Method in which the ventilator ends
the inspiratory phase of the breath and allows
the patient to exhale.
Limit: Setting of this restricts volume,
pressure or time gas is delivered to the
patient during the inspiratory phase
Generates a controlled flow of gas into a patient’s
airways.
Generates and regulates the flow of gas into the lung
Flow continues until a predetermined(preset)
volume has been delivered.
Flow continues until a predetermined(preset)
pressure has been delivered.
Invasive Ventilation VS Non-Invasive Ventilation
The ventilator can be used for invasive (intubated patient ) or
non-invasive (mask) ventilation.
Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) :
Mask ventilation
Main Unit
Front View Back View
User Interface Overview
Display
Ventilation controls
Main rotary dial
Mute Audible Alarm key
Lock parameters
Power indicator
Standby
Start/Stop
Inspiratory Flow Section
1. Gas inlet O2 5. O2 cell with bacteria filter. Temp. sensor in the cable
connector:
2. Gas inlet Air
6. Bacteria filter for the inspiratory pressure transducer
3. Gas modules
7. Inspiratory outlet pipe incl. safety valve
4. Inspiratory mixing section
Ventilator Accessories
Expiratory Valve
Breathing Circuit
Flow Sensor
Filters
Oxygen Sensor
Other Parts
Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
Management
- Preventive Maintenance
Management
- Preventive Maintenance
TM
Flow Analyzer
Respiration Parameters;
Analyzer Values ;
Inspiration & Expiration Volume
Low/High flow Rate of respiration
Volume I:E Ratio
Pressure Inspiration & Expiration time
Oxygen PEEP
Humidity Ppeak
Temperature Pmean
Dew point Inspiration & Expiration Flow
Management
- Preventive Maintenance
Connection to the
Ventilator
Differential Pressure
Low Flow
High Flow
Low High Pressure
Pressure
Management
- Preventive Maintenance
Display panels
Reporting
A maximum of 6 readings can be On the preview screen you have
graphically displayed here. All access to the printing options as well
related settings can be in the as to page layout and save settings
Configuration menu. options.
Thank you.
