FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
THE MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIVERSITY OF BARODA
RELATION BETWEEN
STRUCTURE AND FRACTURE
SUBJECT: ADVANCED FRACTURE MECHANICS
Submitted to: Prepared By:
Prof. Krishna Nair Shah Maitri B.
Dept. Of Applied Mechanics & ME-I (Civil Engg.)
Structural Engineering Fracture Mechanics
MS University, Baroda Roll No: 98
WHAT IS STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING?
• It is a field of engineering dealing with the analysis and design
of structures that support or resist loads.
• Structural engineering depends upon a detailed knowledge of
applied mechanics, materials science and applied mathematics
to understand and predict how structures support and resist
self-weight and imposed loads.
WHY ASSUMPTIONS ARE
NECESSARY?
• Structures or components can fail,
collapse, rupture or break if the
components or structures is
subjected to loading that over the
material strength.
• Thus, there is a need to ensure there
is proper safety margin and the basic
principles used is the allowable
stress and limit state design method.
• Thus, FOS is important to avoid the
structures and components fail.
WHAT IS FRACTURE MECHANICS?
• Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics
concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks
in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid
mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack
and those of experimental solid mechanics to
characterize the material's resistance to fracture.
• Fractography is widely used with fracture
mechanics to understand the causes of failures and
also verify the theoretical failure predictions with real
life failures.
NEED OF FRACTURE MECHANICS
THEORY
• The processes of material
manufacture, processing,
machining, and forming may
introduce flaws in a finished
mechanical component. Arising
from the manufacturing process,
interior and surface flaws are found
in all metal structures. Not all such
flaws are unstable under service
conditions.
• Fracture mechanics is the analysis
of flaws to discover those that are
safe (that is, do not grow) and those
that are liable to propagate as cracks
and so cause failure of the flawed
structure.
FRACTURE MECHANICS SHOULD ATTEMPT
TO PROVIDE QUANTITATIVE ANSWERS TO
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ?
• What is the strength of the component as a function of crack
size?
• What crack size can be tolerated under service loading, i.e. what
is the maximum permissible crack size?
• How long does it take for a crack to grow from a certain initial
size, for example the minimum detectable crack size, to the
maximum permissible crack size?
• What is the service life of a structure when a certain pre-
existing flaw size (e.g. a manufacturing defect) is assumed to
exist?
• During the period available for crack detection how often
should the structure be inspected for cracks?
STRUCTURAL FRACTURE
MECHANICS
• Structural fracture mechanics is the field of
structural engineering concerned with the study of
load-carrying structures that includes one or several
failed or damaged components.
• It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics,
structural engineering, safety engineering, probability
theory, and catastrophe theory to calculate the load
and stress in the structural components and analyze
the safety of a damaged structure.
COMPARISON BETWEEN FRACTURE
MECHANICS OF SOLID AND STRUCTURAL
FRACTURE MECHANICS
Fracture Structural fracture
mechanics mechanics
Model Solid with a crack Multi-component
structure with a
failed component
Defect driving force Stress intensity Overload stress
factor
System property Fracture toughness Reserve ability /
Structural
robustness
MODEL OF STRUCTURAL
FRACTURE MECHANICS
CAUSES OF COMPONENT FAILURE
• Mechanical
overload,
fatigue,
unpredicted
scenario etc.
• Human
intervention
like
unprofessional
behaviour or a
terrorist attack.
USE OF STRUCTURAL FRACTURE
MECHANICS
• The methods of structural
fracture mechanics are used
as checking calculations to
estimate sensitivity of a
structure to its component
failure.
• Safety engineers use the
failure of the first
component as an indicator
and try to intervene during
the given period of time to
avoid the catastrophe of the
entire structure.
APPLICATION OF FRACTURE
MECHANICS
(i) Design
(ii) Material selection and
alloy development
(iii) Determining the
significance of defects
(iv) Monitoring and
control, and failure
analysis
VARIOUS PERIODS OF FATIGUE LIFE
AND ITS APPLICABLE CONSIDERATION
EXAMPLE OF PRACTICAL
APPLICATION TO THE DESIGN
Figure: Structural
Framework Of The
Beaubourg Centre, Paris,
France.
Figure: Use of steel castings in their design
Figure: Ultrasonic testing of the nodes for the main
girders
THANK YOU.
