CLOUD COMPUTING-2

HYPERVISORS
PRESENTED BY-
SUSHMA SHIVAL
FACULTY IN CSE
HYPERVISORS
• A hypervisor is a software layer installed on the physical hardware, which allows splitting the physical
machine into many virtual machines. This allows multiple operating systems to be run simultaneously
on the same physical hardware. The hardware the hypervisor runs on is called the host machine.
• A hypervisor management console, which is also called a virtual machine manager (VMM), is
computer software that enables easy management of virtual machines.
• VMM(virtual machine manager) is a form of virtualization software used in Cloud hosting to divide and
allocate the resources on various pieces of hardware.
• Every virtual machine has its own operating system and applications. The hypervisor allocates the
underlying physical computing resources such as CPU and memory to individual virtual machines as
required
• The program which provides partitioning, isolation, or abstraction is called a virtualization hypervisor.
• Hardware virtualization technique allows multiple guest operating systems (OS) to run on a single host
system at the same time.
HYPERVISOR
TYPES OF HYPERVISOR
TYPE-1 Hypervisor: TYPE-2 Hypervisor:
•The hypervisor runs directly on the •A Host operating system runs on the
underlying host system. underlying host system ,they run as an
• It is also known as a “Native application in a Host system(physical
Hypervisor” or “Bare metal hypervisor”. machine).
•It does not require any base server •It is also known as ‘Hosted Hypervisor”.
operating system. It has direct access to •The software is installed on an operating
hardware resources. system. Hypervisor asks the operating
•They are very efficient as they have system to make hardware calls.
direct access to the physical hardware •The type-2 hypervisor is very useful for
resources(like CPU, Memory, Network, engineers, and security analysts (for
and Physical storage). checking malware, or malicious source
•It provide empowerment of the security code and newly developed applications).
as there is no third party resource for
attacker to compromise.

•Examples of Type 1 hypervisors include •An example of a Type 2 hypervisor

VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer, and includes VMware Player or Parallels
Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor. Desktop. Hosted hypervisors are often
found on endpoints like PCs.
HYPERVISOR-CATEGORIES
HERE ARE SOME TYPES OF HYPERVISORS:

• Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)- A Linux hypervisor that provides an interface for a
machine's hardware virtualization extensions.
• VMware ESXi- A bare-metal hypervisor that runs directly on system hardware without the
need for an OS.
• Virtual Box- A hypervisor that runs or manages multiple virtual machines on a separate
computer.
• Hyper-V- A type-1 hypervisor that runs directly on the hardware.
• Parallels Desktop- A Mac virtualization program that uses hypervisor technology to
transfer host hardware resources to the virtual machine's resources.
• VMware Fusion- A hosted hypervisor that bridges the gap between Mac and Windows
platforms.
• Xen Server- A commercial Type 1 hypervisor that supports Linux and Windows operating
systems.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT HYPERVISOR
1. Understand your needs: The company and its applications are the reason for the data center. Needs for a virtualization
hypervisor are:
a. Flexibility
b. Scalability
c. Usability
d. Availability
e. Reliability
f. Efficiency
g. Reliable support
2. The cost of a hypervisor: For many buyers, the toughest part of choosing a hypervisor is striking the right balance between
cost and functionality. While a number of entry-level solutions are free, or practically free, the prices at the opposite end of the
market can be staggering. Licensing frameworks also vary, so it’s important to be aware of exactly what you’re getting for your
money.
3. Virtual machine performance: Virtual systems should meet or exceed the performance of their physical counterparts, at least
in relation to the applications within each server. Everything beyond meeting this benchmark is profit.
4. Ecosystem: It’s tempting to overlook the role of a hypervisor’s ecosystem – that is, the availability of documentation, support,
training, third-party developers and consultancies, and so on – in determining whether or not a solution is cost-effective in the long
term.
5. Test for yourself: You can gain basic experience from your existing desktop or laptop. You can run both VMware vSphere and
Microsoft Hyper-V in either VMware Workstation or VMware Fusion to create a nice virtual learning and testing environment.
HYPERVISOR REFERENCE MODEL
There are 3 main modules coordinates in order to emulate the underlying hardware:

• DISPATCHER:
The dispatcher behaves like the entry point of the monitor and reroutes the instructions of the virtual
machine instance to one of the other two modules.

• ALLOCATOR:
The allocator is responsible for deciding the system resources to be provided to the virtual machine
instance. It means whenever a virtual machine tries to execute an instruction that results in changing
the machine resources associated with the virtual machine, the allocator is invoked by the dispatcher.

• INTERPRETER:
The interpreter module consists of interpreter routines. These are executed, whenever a virtual
machine executes a privileged instruction.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF A HYPERVISOR?
• Hardware independence-A hypervisor abstracts the host's hardware from the operating software
environment. IT administrators can configure, deploy, and manage software applications without being
constrained to a specific hardware setup. For example, mac OS can run on a virtual machine instead of
iMac computers.
• Efficiency-Hypervisors make setting up a server operating system more efficient. Manually installing the
operating system and related software components is a time-consuming process. Instead, configure the
hypervisor to immediately create virtual environment.
• Scalability-Organizations use hypervisors to maximize resource usage on physical computers. Instead of
using separate machines for different workloads, hypervisors create multiple virtual computers to run
several workloads on a single machine. This translates to faster scalability and reduced hardware
expenditure for organizations.
• Portability-IT teams can allocate memory, networking, processing, and storage resources across multiple
servers as needed. They have the ability to shift workloads between machines or platforms easily. When an
application requires more processing power, the hypervisor provides seamless access to additional
physical resources.
WHAT ARE THE USE CASES FOR HYPERVISORS?
Desktop virtualization
• Employees use desktop virtualization software to emulate a version of their workstation computing environment on the server.
This allows them to access their work applications and files remotely.
Resource optimization
• Companies use hypervisors to consolidate multiple computers that perform different functions into a single server. For example,
if production, marketing, and customer support teams run their workloads on individual physical servers, it can result in idle
resources. With a hypervisor, you can host the virtual machines for the respective business units on a single server, even if they
require different operating systems and software components.
Failure recovery
• The hypervisor captures snapshots of the virtual machine’s previous state in a virtual machine image—a file that contains the
installation instructions, configurations, and other details of the virtual machine. System administrators can use the image file to
restore the virtual machine in case of failure. There is also capability to create backup copies or move the virtual machine to a
different host.
Legacy system continuity
• Some organizations have invested significantly in software that has outlasted the underlying server. Hypervisors provide an
option to continue running the software by virtualizing the hardware environment required. This allows organizations to support
their cloud transformation efforts with minimum disruption to existing business workflows.
CLOUD PORTING

• Cloud computing portability refers to the ability of cloud

service customers to shift and adapt their data and
applications among different cloud service platforms.
• Portability can also enable exchange of data and applications
among different cloud deployment models.
• Without portability, cloud service users have to transform
data or applications from the source form into desired form
on destination system.
TYPES OF PORTABILITY
Data Portability Application Portability

• Cloud data portability emphasizes the • Application Portability is another

ability for seamless data transfer from important category in
one cloud platform to another. understanding cloud interoperability
• It involve data from the source service and portability, with special attention
matching the format of the destination to portability.
service. • It focuses on easier transfer of
• At the same time, portability also applications or application
relies on abilities to import customer components between cloud services.
data to the target cloud platform. • It emphasizes the easier movement of
• Use of an API with the cloud service to applications and components.
achieve portability. • Need to recompile the application or
relink with target cloud service for
portability use cases.
THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN PORTING APPLICATIONS
IN CLOUD COMPUTING

• Choose the right cloud model-There are several types of cloud models,
including public, private, hybrid, and multi-cloud. Each model has its own
advantages and disadvantages.
• Assess your needs- An assessment can help you identify the right cloud
service providers and applications to migrate, as well as any security issues.
• Consider interoperability-To ensure interoperability of containerized
applications, core technology components need to be synchronized across cloud
providers.
• Benefit from cost optimization- Cloud application migration can save money
and time because there is no need to invest in infrastructure purchase,
deployment, and maintenance.
CONCEPT OF IaaS-
• IaaS, or Infrastructure as a Service, is a cloud computing
model that provides on-demand access to computing
resources such as servers, storage, networking, and
virtualization.
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud computing model
that provides the infrastructure needed to run applications.
• IaaS is based on a multi-tenant architecture, which means
that multiple users or groups can run workloads separately
on the same physical server.
• Each user only sees their own workloads, a concept known
as isolation.
IaaS APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
• Web applications -IaaS provides the infrastructure needed to host web applications, including
storage, servers, and networking resources. IaaS can also scale up and down to handle
unpredictable demand.
• Big data analytics -IaaS can handle large workloads and process big data quickly. It can also
integrate with business intelligence tools to help businesses gain insights.
• Disaster recovery -IaaS can consolidate disaster recovery systems into a virtualized
environment.
• Testing and development -IaaS can be used to set up and take down test and development
environments quickly and at low cost.
• Ecommerce -IaaS can scale up during periods of high demand and provide high-quality security.
• Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and event processing -IaaS can help
set up and scale up data storage and computing resources for these applications.
• Startups -IaaS can provide access to enterprise-class data center capabilities without the up-
front investment in hardware.
GOOGLE , AMAZON& MICROSOFT WEB
SERVICES
• Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google
Cloud Platform (GCP) are cloud computing platforms that
offer a variety of services for businesses.
• These services can be used to build, deploy, and scale
applications without managing physical infrastructure.
VARIOUS WEB SERVICES
Amazon Microsoft Azure Google Cloud

AWS became public in 2006, with services like Google Cloud Platform launched in 2008, and in less
Microsoft Azure, known initially as Azure, was
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage than a decade, it has established a strong foothold
established in 2010 to provide enterprises with a
Service (Amazon S3). Elastic Block System (EBS) in the cloud business. Google Cloud strengthened
capable Cloud Computing platform. In 2014, the
went public in 2009, and Amazon later added Google's products, including its hugely popular
company renamed it “Microsoft Azure”, although
services like Amazon Cloud Front and Content search engine and its video-sharing platform,
“Azure” is still widely used(5 years old)
Delivery Network (CDN). (11 years old) YouTube(6 years old)

Per-second pricing with a 60-second minimum Per-minute basis Per-minute basis

EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) provides all the

computing administration. The program oversees
With Microsoft Azure, you can create virtual As part of GCP (Google Cloud Platform), GCE
virtual machines, which can either be designed by
machines and scale sets for virtual machines. (Google Compute Engine) does a similar function.
the owner or have pre-configured settings for
convenience
Azure uses ID drives (transient capacity), and Page
AWS provides apportioned, transient (brief) Comparatively, Google's Cloud Platform offers both
Blobs VM-based volumes get stored in Block Storage
stockpiling. As soon as an instance begins, it is brief stockpiling and constant circles. For Object
(Microsoft's choice). Object Storage uses Square
demolished at the end of the case. stockpiling, GCP has Google Cloud Storage.
Blobs and Files.
Works well with other Google services and
Provides most services, from networking to robots. products.
Integration and migration of current Microsoft
Most mature, Considered the best for reliability and services are simple. Many options are accessible, Excellent containerized workload support
security, More computational capacity than Azure including best-in-class AI, machine learning, and
and GCP analytics services. Services are typically less Limited services compared to AWS and Azure
expensive when compared to AWS and GCP Limited support for enterprise use cases
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTIVENESS