NETWORKING
CONCEPTS
ARYANSH YADAV
CLASS – 8D
COMPUTER NETWORK
A Computer network is a collection of
computers and their peripheral devices (the
network’s components) connected by
communication links (wired or wireless)
through which data is transferred in the
form of signals .
COMPONENTS OF A
NETWORK
THE COMPONENTS REQUIRED TO BUILD A NETWORK ARE :
• RECEIVER
• SENDER
• TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
• MESSAGE
• PROTOCOL
ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING
• It allows information or files to be shared with other
computers in the network.
• It allows computers in the network to share hardware like
printers, scanners, fax machines, hard disks, etc.
• It allows sharing of application software over the
network.
• It allows rapid communication such as e-mail,
messaging,etc.
• It allows us to store information in one centralised
loction.
• It is a cost-effective method.
NETWORKING MEDIA
refers to the communication channels used to
interconnect nodes on a computer network. Typical
examples of network media include copper coaxial
cable, copper twisted pair cables and optical fiber
cables used in wired networks, and radio waves used in
wireless data communications networks .
Types of Networks
Networks can be classified on the
basis of their size , complexity , and
the geographical area covered by
them.
Types of Networks
• PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
PAN refers to the privately owned network. Pan is used to establish
the communication amongst the computers within the range of 20 to
30 feet. This type of network can be wired or wireless.
• LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
LAN is a digital communication system that interconnects a larger number
of computers and other pheripherial devices within a radius of less than 1
cm.
• CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)
CAN connects two or more LANs that are limited to
specific geographical areas. For example, college campus,
office building, etc. A campus area network is larger than
LAN since it may span in multiple buildings within a
specified area.
•METROPOLITAN NETWORK (MAN)
MAN consists of two or more local area networks or campus area
network together that usually spans several buildings in the same
city or town. It covers an area ranging from 10 to 100 kms. For
example, the internet services provided to users in a city or the
•Wide Area network
(WAN)
WAN connects a wide geographical area. In other
words, it is a group of computers that are seperated
by a large distance and tied together. It links
different metropolitans and even countries across
natioanal boundaries. The most popular example of
WAN is the internet: a collection of an infinite
number of computers spread across the world.
Networking DEVICES
• NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
• HUB
• SWITCH
• REPEATER
• ROUTER
• NETWORKING CABLE
• MODEM
• GATEWAY
NETWORKING TERMINOLOGY
Topology or structure is the layout of the
connection formed between computers.
TOPOLOGY refers to the geometric
arrangement of computers or nodes in a network.
Main Network Topologies
BUS TOPOLOGY
In this topology, all the nodes are connected to a single common path.
STAR TOPOLOGY
In this topology, central node acts as a hub to which all the other nodes are
connected.
RING TOPOLOGY
In this topology, all the nodes are connected in a circular path.
TREE TOPOLOGY
In this topology, nodes are cinnected as braches of a tree where hub acts as a root
node.
MESH TOPOLOGY
In this topology, every single node in a network is connected to all the other
Protocols
Protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between the
computers on a network.
Some internet protocols -
HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL ( HTTP )
HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL SECURE ( HTTPS )
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/ INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP)
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL ( FTP )
Thank You
