AN INTERNSHIP PRRESENTATION ON CONSTRUCTION
SEQUENCE OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr.M.chittaranjan
PRESENTED BY
Professor ,HOD 19BF1A0141
Department Of Civil Engineering
S V College Of Engineering
Tirupati.
Overview
Introduction
Objectives of training
Company profile
Details of work
Observations
Skills and knowledge acquired during training
conclusion
1. INTRODUCTION
The industrial training program helps students in availing the required exposure of company or
organisation he would like to work upon as a professional and also provides technical skills
required for a particular job, so JNTUA makes it compulsory for btech students to attend IV and
they made it as a part of curriculum.
Industrial training generally is of 3 months to 6 months for engineering students.students usually
complete their industrial training within this period. Industrial training aims to provide students all
fields with real work experience in a particular field.
Industrial placement, where a student undertakes a period of training with an organization usually
during a semester break, plays an important role in preparing the student for a professional career.
From the hands-on training, the student learns about the skill sets required, demands of the industry
and also work ethics. At the same time it gives the student an opportunity to put into practice what he
or she has learned at university.
3. OBJECTIVES
To provide the feel of actual working environment to students
To gain practical knowledge and skills
To motivate, develop, and build our confidence
To enhance in our career growth.
To know about the sequence of construction.
To know about the various building materials, their designs and functions
COMPANY PROFILE
Shakthi Builders and Constructions is a reputed enterprise focused on developing Commercial
Buildings and Luxurious Gated Communities with the best of amenities. Under the Leadership of
Mr.Ananth , shakthi
builders and constructions is currently developing numerous Commercial & Residential Projects
at prime locations in Bangalore and Hyderabad.
Over the years, Shakthi
Builders has earned a reputation for quality and innovation. All its projects come with modern d
esign, ample greenery, the best of amenities and of course, luxury. The company takes particular
care in ensuring that its projects feature perfect
Vaastu and a clear title so as to give buyers a hassle-free and happy ownership.
Each project undertaken is a landmark in its own right sought after for its exceptionally high stan
dards, which are an outcome of strict attention to quality, principles and workmanship. At
Shakthi
Builders and Constructions, special emphasis is placed on understanding the needs of the buyer.
Equal importance is given to bridge the gap between the cost-effectiveness and world-class quali
ty.
DETAILS OF WORK
DETAIL OF THE PROJECT:
Type of the project: Residential Apartments
Contractor: Shakthi Builders and Constructions
Architect: Red E Architects
Type of contract: Developers
Estimated cost: 10 Crores
Duration of project: 18 months
Project commencement year: January 2022
Area of site: 5000 square feets
OBSERVATIONS
SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURAL WORK
Site investigation
Site preparation
Excavation
Foundation
Plinth beam and slab
Super structure
Brick masonry work
The lintel over door window gaps
Floor slab or roof structure
Door window framing and fixations
Exterior finishing
Interior finishing
Painting works
FOUNDATION
Foundation is the lowermost structure in any building, it will transfer the load from
superstructure to the soil(substructure). There would have been no need of foundation if
the soil is good in shear. So, the foundation is provided just to increase perimeter so that the
load is distributed over a large area.
There are different types of foundations used in construction:
Shallow foundation
Individual footing or isolated footing
Combined footing
Strip foundation
Raft or mat foundation
Deep Foundation
Pile foundation
Drilled Shafts or caisson
BRICK WORK
Materials required:
1st class Cement brick
Ordinary Portland 53 Grade
cement Local coarse sand (FM 1.2-1.5)
Motor (cement sand mixture) proportion:
1. 350 mm or more thick brickwork, cement sand mortar ratio is 1:6.
2. 250 mm or less thick brickwork, cement sand mortar ratio is 1:4
The Lintel Over Door Window Gaps
A lintel is a beam placed across the openings like doors, windows etc. in buildings to support the load
from the structure above. The width of lintel beam is equal to the width of wall, and the ends of it is
built into the wall. Lintels are classified based on their material of construction.
SLAB AND ROOF TOP
A structure is composed of several connecting elements of construction like walls, beams, columns,
foundation, slabs etc. Out of these, slab is of utmost important, it helps the other components of the
building to withstand different loads.
The design of a roof slab consists of thickness of slab, size of bars, spacing of bars, hooks, cranks and
laps of bars, minimum cover of concrete etc. The mix of concrete for the slab is usually by volume and is
of proportion 1:1 /2:3(cement, sand and aggregate)
FUNCTION OF SLAB:
To provide a flat surface.
To support load
To act as sound, heat and fire insulator.
The upper slab becomes the ceiling for the storey beneath it.
ONE WAY SLAB
When a slab is supported on all four sides and the ratio of long span to short span is
equal or greater than two, it will be considered as one way slab. The load on the slab is
carried by the short span in one direction. However main reinforcement bar and
distribution bar in transverse direction.
Longerspan(l)/shorter span(b) >= 2
In those slabs, the primary reinforcement was provided in a shorter span, and in the
transverse direction, the distribution bars were provided.
In other words, the one-way slab is supported by beams in such a way that the load is
carried along one direction.
While designing a one-way slab we give less steel henceforth the profundity of the slab
increments, accordingly, the thickness of the one-way slab is more when contrasted with
the two-way slab.
ONEWAY SLAB
TWO WAY SLAB
The two way slab is the one in which slab member is supported on all directions direction
beams.
If the slab is having L/W ratio less than 2 it is called as two way slab system. Where L is the
length of the slab section and W is the width of the slab section.
The height of the room is more available in this slab.
In this slab, a flat ceiling is available because in the middle of the cell there is no beam.
The design method of this slab is more complex.
The skilled worker is needed in this.
There is a relatively high construction cost.
TWO WAY SLAB
DOORS
A door may be defined as an open able barrier or as a framework of wooden, metal, aluminum or
combination of those materials secured it a wall opening.
Standard exterior door size : 207 cm(height) x 110cm(width)
Standard interior door size: 207cm(height) x 91cm(width)
Types of doors:-
• battened and ledged doors
•Battened, ledged and braced roors
•Battened,ledged and framed doors
•Battened,ledged,braced and framed doors
•Glazed doors
•Revolving doors
•Sliding doors
•Plastic doors etc.,
WINDOWS
A window is a vented barrier provided in a wall opening to admit light and air into the structure and
also to give outside view.
They are located at a height of 0.75 m to 0.90 m from the floor level. In hot and humid regions, the
window area should be 15 to 20 % of the floor area. It is preferable to have at least two openings in two
different walls.
Standard size of windows are totally dependent upon the width of room, it’s location, purpose, your
requirement, design, choice and material made of window, in India, for residential building, for average
medium size room, generally standard size of window should be 36″ wide by 48″ tall, which represented
as 36 × 48 in inch, 3 × 4 in feet, 900 × 1200 in mm, 90 × 120 in cm, or 0.9 × 1.2 in metres, this is ideal,
best, commonly used, normal and standard size of window for residential building.
STAIRS
Construction of concrete stairs includes steps such as designing, preparing foundation, building
formwork, placement of reinforcement steel bars, concreting, finishing and curing.
The factors that influence the design of stairs are height of the floor, width of the stairs, riser depth,
thread width, thickness of the stairs, angle of the stairs, load applied on the stairs and many aspects
The standard dimesnions are:-
Thread 9 to 9.25 Inch
Riser 7.5 to 8.25 Inch
Width 3 feet
Flight angle 30 to 40degree
STAIRS
PLATERING WORK
Plaster is a thin layer of mortar applied over the masonry surface and it acts as a damp-proof coat over
the brick masonry work.
Plastering also provides a finished surface over the masonry that is firm and smooth hence it enhances
the appearance of the building.
The primary objectives of plastering are to protect the surface from atmospheric influences, to cover
the defective workmanship in masonry, to conceal porous materials, and to provide a suitable surface for
painting
SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED DURING TRAINING
From this industrial training we have learnt the following things:-
What are the sequencial of steps in construction of a residential building.
A focused study and observation on foundation, plinth beam, brickwork masonry,
slabs(one way and two way slabs), doors,windows,staircase and plastering.
Learnt what are the methods of curing and how tails and painting work are done.
Gained some knowledge on how abstract estimation is carried out
Observed some differences between theoretical and practical knowledge
Noticed how to deal with labourers
CONCLUSION
As an undergraduate of the SV college of engineering, I would like to say that this training
program is an excellent opportunity for us to get to the ground level and experience the things
that we would hav enever gained through going straight into a job.
I am grateful to the SVCE and shakthi builders and constructions for giving us this wonderful
opportunity
The main objective of this industrial training is to provide an opportunity to undegraduates to
identify, observe and practice how engineering is applicable in the real industry. It is not only to
get the experience on technical practices but also to observe management practices and to
interact with on field workers.
SITE PICTURES
SITE PICTURES
