PRESENTATION ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOOD
INSECURITY AND SDG GOAL 2(ZERO HUNGER) AND IT’S
IMPACT ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT
LECTURER: MRS. COMFORT
GROUP 10
OLOGE EUNICE 21/0635
ALADE MUJEEBAH 21/0520
OJOMO ANUOLUWAPO 21/0989
BALOGUN AYOMIDE 21/0638
HAASTRUP OLOLADE D. 21/0516
AYOFE RAMADAN B. 21/0812
TABLE OF CONTEENT
INTRODUCTION
FOOD INSECURITY: DEFINITION AND PREVALENCE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOOD INSECURITY AND SDG 2
IMPACT OF FOOD INSECURITY ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT
VULNERABLE POPULATIONS: CHILDREN AND FOOD INSECURITY
INTERVENTIONS AND SOLUTION
OBJECTIVES
CHALLENGES
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SDG 2
SDG 2, "Zero Hunger," is one of the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United
Nations in 2015 to create a more sustainable and equitable
world. Its primary aim is to end hunger, achieve food
security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable
agriculture by 2030.
INTRODUCTION (CONTD)
IMPORTANT OF ADDRESSING FOOD INSECURITY
Improves Health and Reduces Malnutrition
Supports Economic Development
Enhances Educational Outcomes
Promotes Social Stability and Reduces Conflict
Helps Combat Climate Change
Achieves Global Development Goals
FOOD INSECURITY: DEFINITION AND
PREVALENCE
DEFINITION OF FOOD INSECURITY
Food insecurity is defined as the lack of consistent access to enough safe and
nutritious food necessary for an active and healthy life. It encompasses not
only the quantity of food available but also its quality, safety, and cultural
appropriateness.(USDA, 2022).
GLOBAL PREVALENCE OF FOOD INSECURITY
Globally, approximately 828 million people were estimated to be food
insecure in 2021, with significant disparities across regions; for instance, sub-
Saharan Africa faces the highest prevalence, where over 150 million
individuals struggle with food shortages(USDA.GOV )
FOOD INSECURITY: DEFINITION AND
PREVALENCE (CONTD)
NIGERIA’S FOOD INSECURITY PREVALENCE
Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, faces significant food
insecurity challenges due to a combination of factors such as conflict,
economic instability, climate change, and poor infrastructure. The
northern regions of Nigeria are particularly affected, where conflicts
with insurgent groups have displaced millions of people, disrupting
agricultural activities and limiting access to food.
FOOD INSECURITY: DEFINITION AND
PREVALENCE (CONTD)
REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN FOOD INSECURITY
Sub-Saharan Africa: This region has the highest prevalence of food insecurity, with
over 150 million people classified as undernourished (FAO et al., 2022). Factors
contributing to this situation include ongoing conflicts, climate change impacts such
as droughts and floods, and economic instability.
South Asia: Home to a significant portion of the world's undernourished population,
South Asia faces challenges related to poverty, inequality, and agricultural
productivity. Approximately 350 million people in this region experience severe food
insecurity (FAO et al., 2022).
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOOD
INSECURITY AND SDG 2
Firstly, food insecurity is characterized by the lack of consistent access to enough
food for an active, healthy life. This directly contradicts the objectives of SDG 2,
which seeks to ensure that all people have sufficient food year-round. According
to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), about 811 million people
worldwide were undernourished in 2020, highlighting the urgent need for actions
that align with SDG 2 (FAO, 2021).
Secondly, SDG 2 aims to improve nutrition by promoting diverse diets that are
rich in essential nutrients. Food insecurity often leads individuals to rely on low-
quality, calorie-dense foods, which can result in malnutrition and related health
issues. For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) notes that
malnutrition in all its forms—under-nutrition, hidden hunger, and obesity—poses
significant challenges to public health and economic development (WHO, 2021).
IMPACT OF FOOD INSECURITY ON
CHILDS DEVELOPMENT
EFFECTS OF FOOD INSECURITY ON CHILD GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Stunted growth (Black et al., 2013).
Delayed physical milestones (Shankar et al., 2017).
Weakened immune system (Chaparro & Smit, 2019).
COGNITIVE AND EDUCATIONAL IMPACTS
Impaired brain development (Grantham-McGregor et al., 2007).
Lower academic performance (Alaimo et al., 2001).
Difficulty with memory and attention (Belsky et al., 2017).
IMPACT OF FOOD INSECURITY ON
CHILDS DEVELOPMENT (CONTD)
EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS
Increased anxiety and stress (Cook et al., 2004).
Lower self-esteem (Laraia et al., 2010).
Behavioral problems (Whitaker et al., 2006).
LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
Chronic health issues (Pereira et al., 2013).
Mental health issues (Seligman et al., 2010).
Economic consequences (Alaimo et al., 2001).
Intergenerational effects (Heflin et al., 2005).
VULNERABLE POPULATIONS:
CHILDREN AND FOOD INSECURITY
CHILDRENS AS A VULNERABLE GROUP
Children are uniquely vulnerable to food insecurity due to their dependency on
caregivers for nourishment and their sensitivity to the negative impacts of nutritional
deficiencies. Lack of consistent access to nutritious food can hinder their physical
growth, cognitive development, and emotional well-being, ultimately affecting their
long-term health and success in adulthood (Cook & Frank, 2008).
FACTORS EXACERBATING FOOD INSECURITY AMONG CHILDREN
Economic Inequality and Poverty
Lack of Access to Social Services
VULNERABLE POPULATIONS: CHILDREN
AND FOOD INSECURITY (CONTD)
CASE STUDIES/EXAMPLES OF CHILD FOOD INSECURITY
Child food insecurity is a serious challenge in Nigeria, significantly impacting
children under five. Key factors contributing to this issue include poverty, food price
inflation, and inadequate agricultural productivity, often compounded by conflicts
and climate change. Studies reveal that roughly 11 million children under five in
Nigeria experience severe food poverty, meaning they lack access to adequate
nutrition essential for growth and development (UNICEF, 2024). Case studies
highlight the impact of these conditions, especially in conflict-affected regions. In
states like Borno, food insecurity levels are exacerbated by ongoing violence,
displacing families and disrupting access to food sources.
INTERVENTIONS AND SOLUTION
INTERVENTIONS ADDRESSING FOOD INSECURITY AND
CHILD GROWTH
Nutritional Education Program (Cleveland et al., 2017).
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programs (SNAP) (Leroux & Fenton,
2020).
School Meal Programs (Gordon et al., 2017).
Food Bank and Pantry Programs (Peters et al., 2016)
Community Gardens and Local Food Initiatives (Ozer, 2007).
INTERVENTIONS AND SOLUTION
(CONTD)
SOLUTIONS FOR FOOD INSECURITY ON CHILD’S GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT.
Expanded Access to Food Assistance Programs (Yen et al., 2018).
Nutrition Education and Cooking Classes (Santiago et al., 2020)
School Meal Programs (Gordon et al., 2017).
Community Food Systems (Havens et al., 2021).
OBJECTIVES
End Hunger
End All Forms of Malnutrition
Double Agricultural Productivity and Incomes
Ensure Sustainable Food Production Systems
Increase Investment in Agriculture
CHALLENGES
Climate Change and Environmental Degradation
Conflict and Displacement
Economic Inequality
Food Waste and Loss
Access to Markets and Resources
CONCLUSION
Food insecurity is closely tied to SDG Goal 2: Zero
Hunger, which seeks to end hunger and promote food
security. When children lack access to nutritious food,
they face risks to their physical and cognitive
development, which can lead to long-term setbacks in
health, education, and economic potential. Achieving
Zero Hunger is essential to break cycles of poverty and
inequality by ensuring that every child has the
nourishment needed to grow and thrive. Addressing food
insecurity holistically—through better food access,
nutrition education, and sustainable agriculture—
supports a healthier, more equitable future.
REFERENCES
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). State of Food Security and
Nutrition in the World 2023. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). (2023). Global Food Policy Report 2023.
Retrieved from https://www.ifpri.org/publications.
Global Hunger Index. (2023). Nigeria Hunger and Food Insecurity. Retrieved from
https://www.globalhungerindex.org/
Cadre Harmonisé. (2023). Food Security and Nutrition Assessment for Nigeria. Retrieved from
https://www.fsinplatform.org/cadre-harmonise
FAO. (2021). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. Food and Agriculture
Organization.
WHO. (2021). Malnutrition. World Health Organization.
United Nations. (2020). Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations.
REFERENCES
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). State of Food Security
and Nutrition in the World 2023. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/
UNICEF. (2023). Child Nutrition and Food Security. Retrieved from
https://www.unicef.org/nutrition
World Bank. (2023). Agriculture and Food Security Overview. Retrieved from https://
www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture
World Food Programme. (2023). Food Security and Peace. Retrieved from
https://www.wfp.org/
United Nations. (2023). Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from
https://sdgs.un.org/goals
