CHAPTER 8 - COMPARING

QUANTITIES
 EXERCISE 8.1
 1. Find the ratio of the following:
 (a) Speed of a cycle 15 km per hour to the speed
of a scooter 30 km per hour.
 Solution:
 a) Ratio of the speed of the cycle to the speed of the
scooter = 15/30 = ½ = 1:2
 b) (b) 5 m to 10 km
 Sol:
 Since 1 km = 1000 m
 5m/10 km = 5 m/(10 x 1000)m = 5/10000 = 1/2000 =
1:2000
 The required ratio is 1:2000
 2. Convert the ratio 3:4 to
percentages:
Sol:
3:4 = ¾ = ¾ x 100%
= 0.75 x 100%
= 75%
 3. 72% of 25 students are good in
mathematics. How many are not good in
mathematics?
 Sol:

The percentage of students who are not good in

 The number of students who are good in

mathematics = 72/100 x 25 = 18
 Thus, the number of students who are not good in

mathematics = 25 – 18 = 7
 5. If Chameli had ₹600 left after spending 75% of
her money, how much did she have in the beginning?
 Solution:
 Let the amount of money which Chameli had, in the
beginning, be x
 Given that, after spending 75% of ₹x, she was left with
₹600
 25% of x = ₹600
 25/100 × x = ₹600
 x = ₹600 × 4
 = ₹2400
 Therefore, Chameli had ₹2400 in the beginning.
 EXERCISE 8.2
 1. A man got a 10% increase in his salary. If his new
salary is ₹1,54,000, find his original salary.
 Solution:
 Let the original salary be x
 Given that, the new salary is ₹1,54,000
 Original salary + Increment = New salary
 Given that the increment is 10% of the original salary
 So, (x + 10/100 × x) = 154000
 x + x/10 = 154000
 11x/10 = 154000
 x = 154000 × 10/11
 = 140000
 Therefore, the original salary was ₹1,40,000.
 3. A shopkeeper buys 80 articles for ₹ 2,400 and sells them
for a profit of 16%. Find the selling price of one article.
 Solution:
 Given that the shopkeeper buys 80 articles for ₹ 2,400
 Cost of one article = 2400/80 = ₹ 30
 Profit percentage = 16%
 Profit percentage = Profit/C.P. x 100
 16 = Profit/30 x 100
 Profit = (16 x 30)/100
 = ₹ 4.8
 Therefore, the selling price of one article = C.P. + Profit
 = ₹ (30 + 4.80)
 = ₹ 34.80
 [Link] cost of an article was ₹ 15,500. ₹ 450 was spent on its
repairs. If it is sold for a profit of 15%, find the selling price of
the article.
 Solution:
 The total cost of an article = Cost + Overhead expenses
 = ₹15500 + ₹450
 = ₹15950
 Profit percentage = 15%
 Profit percentage = Profit/C.P. x 100
 15 = Profit/15950 x 100
 Profit = (15 x 15950)/100
 = 2392.50
 Therefore, the selling price of the article = C.P. + Profit
 = ₹(15950 + 2392.50)
 = ₹18342.50
 5. A VCR and TV were bought for ₹ 8,000 each. The
shopkeeper made a loss of 4% on the VCR and a profit
of 8% on the TV. Find the gain or loss per cent on the
whole transaction.
 Solution:
 C.P. of a VCR = ₹ 8000
 The shopkeeper made a loss of 4 % on VCR
 This means if C.P. is ₹ 100, then S.P. is ₹ 96.
 When C.P. is ₹ 8000,
 S.P. = (96/100 x 8000) = ₹ 7680
 C.P. of a TV = ₹ 8000
 The shopkeeper made a profit of 8 % on TV.
 This means that if C.P. is ₹ 100, then S.P. is ₹ 108.
 When C.P. is ₹ 8000,
 S.P. = (108/100 x 8000) = ₹ 8640
 Total S.P. = ₹ 7680 + ₹ 8640 = ₹ 16320
 Total C.P. = ₹ 8000 + ₹ 8000 = ₹ 16000
 Since, total S.P.> total C.P. ⇒ profit
 Profit = ₹ 16320 − ₹ 16000 = ₹ 320
 Profit % on the whole transaction = Profit/Total CP x 100
 = 320/16000 x 100
 = 2%
 Therefore, the shopkeeper had a gain of 2% on the
whole transaction.
 8. The price of a TV is ₹ 13,000. The sales tax
charged on it is at the rate of 12%. Find the
amount that Vinod will have to pay if he buys it.
 Solution:
 On ₹ 100, the tax to be paid = ₹ 12
 Here, on ₹ 13000, the tax to be paid will be = 12/100 ×
13000
 = ₹ 1560
 Required amount = Cost + Sales Tax
 = ₹ 13000 + ₹ 1560
 = ₹ 14560
 Therefore, Vinod will have to pay ₹ 14,560 for the TV.
 9. Arun bought a pair of skates at a sale where the discount given
was 20%. If the amount he pays is ₹ 1,600, find the marked price.
 Solution:
 Let the marked price be x
 Discount percent = Discount/Marked Price x 100
 20 = Discount/x × 100
 Discount = 20/100 × x
 = x/5
 Also,
 Discount = Marked price – Sale price
 x/5 = x – ₹ 1600
 x – x/5 = 1600
 4x/5 = 1600
 x = 1600 x 5/4
 = 2000
 Therefore, the marked price was ₹ 2000.
 EXERCISE 8.3
 1. Calculate the amount and compound interest on
 (a) ₹ 10,800 for 3 years at 12½ % per annum
compounded annually.
 Solution:
 Principal (P) = ₹ 10,800
 Rate (R) = 12½ % = 25/2 % (annual)
 Number of years (n) = 3
 Amount (A) = P(1 + R/100)n
 = 10800(1 + 25/200)3
 = 10800(225/200)3
 = 15377.34375
 = ₹ 15377.34 (approximately)
 C.I. = A – P = ₹ (15377.34 – 10800) = ₹ 4,577.34
 (c) ₹ 62500 for 1½ years at 8% per annum compounded
half yearly.
 Solution:
 Principal (P) = ₹ 62,500
 Rate = 8% per annum or 4% per half-year
 Number of years = 1½
 There will be 3 half-years in 1½ years
 Amount, A = P(1 + R/100)n
 = 62500(1 + 4/100)3
 = 62500(104/100)3
 = 62500(26/25)3
 = ₹ 70304
 C.I. = A – P = ₹ 70304 – ₹ 62500 = ₹ 7,804
 3. Fabina borrows ₹ 12,500 at 12% per annum for 3 years at simple
interest, and Radha borrows the same amount for the same time period
at 10% per annum, compounded annually. Who pays more interest, and
by how much?
 Solution:
 Interest paid by Fabina = (P x R x T)/100
 = (12500 x 12 x 3)/100
 = 4500
 Amount paid by Radha at the end of 3 years = A = P(1 + R/100)n
 A = 12500(1 + 10/100)3
 = 12500(110/100)3
 = ₹ 16637.50
 C.I. = A – P = ₹ 16637.50 – ₹ 12500 = ₹ 4,137.50
 The interest paid by Fabina is ₹ 4,500 and by Radha is ₹ 4,137.50
 Thus, Fabina pays more interest
 ₹ 4500 − ₹ 4137.50 = ₹ 362.50
 Hence, Fabina will have to pay ₹ 362.50 more.
 9. Find the amount which Ram will get on ₹ 4,096, if he
gave it for 18 months at 12½ per annum, interest being
compounded half-yearly.
 Solution:
 P = ₹ 4,096
 R = 12½ per annum = 25/2 per annum = 25/4 per half-year
 n = 18 months
 There will be 3 half-years in 18 months
 Therefore, amount A = P(1 + R/100)n
 = 4096(1 + 25/(4 x 100))3
 = 4096 x (1 + 1/16)3
 = 4096 x (17/16)3
 = ₹ 4913
 Therefore, the required amount is ₹ 4,913.
 11. In a laboratory, the count of bacteria in a
certain experiment was increasing at the rate of
2.5% per hour. Find the bacteria at the end of 2
hours if the count was initially 5,06,000.
 Solution:
 The initial count of bacteria is given as 5,06,000
 Bacteria at the end of 2 hours = 506000(1 + 2.5/100) 2
 = 506000(1 + 1/40)2
 = 506000(41/40)2
 = 531616.25
 Therefore, the count of bacteria at the end of 2 hours
will be 5,31,616 (approx.).
 12. A scooter was bought at ₹ 42,000. Its
value depreciated at the rate of 8% per
annum. Find its value after one year.
 Solution:
 Principal = Cost price of the scooter = ₹ 42,000
 Depreciation = 8% of ₹ 42,000 per year
 = (P x R x T)/100
 = (42000 x 8 x 1)/100
 = ₹ 3360
 Thus, the value after 1 year = ₹ 42000 − ₹ 3360 =
₹ 38,640.