Introduction to
orthoptics
Aisha tahir 70100058
Orthoptics
Orthoptics is a specialized field within ophthalmology that
focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders of
• binocular vision
• eye movements
• amblyopia (lazy eye).
• strabismus (crossed eyes)
• diplopia (double vision)
• and other visual disturbances.
History
• 1.Chief Complaint: Start by asking the patient about their main
visual concerns or symptoms, such as double vision, blurry
vision, or difficulty focusing.
• 2.Onset and Duration: Inquire about when the symptoms began
and how long they have been present. This helps determine the
progression and severity of the condition.
• 3.Past Medical History: Ask about any previous eye conditions,
surgeries, or treatments. Also, inquire about any systemic health
issues or medications that may be relevant to their eye health.
Continued
• 4.Family History: Investigate whether there is a family history of
eye conditions, especially those related to binocular vision
disorders or amblyopia.
• 5.Developmental History: For pediatric patients, obtain information
about birth history, developmental milestones, and any concerns
about visual development during infancy and early childhood.
• 6.Current Visual Function: Assess the patient's visual acuity,
binocular vision, depth perception, and eye movements through
clinical tests and subjective questioning.
Continued
• 7.Environmental Factors: Explore any environmental factors that may
contribute to the patient's symptoms, such as prolonged screen time,
occupational hazards, or recent head trauma.
• 8.Impact on Daily Activities: Understand how the visual symptoms affect
the patient's daily activities, school or work performance, and quality of life.
• 9.Social and Behavioral Factors: Consider any social or behavioral factors
that may influence compliance with treatment or rehabilitation strategies.
• 10.Patient's Goals and Expectations: Discuss the patient's goals and
expectations regarding treatment outcomes, rehabilitation, and long-term
visual health.
Assessment
• Visual acuity
• Ocular motility
• Binocular vision
• Pupillary examination
• Ocular alignment
• Cover test
• Stereopsis
• Ophthalmoscope
• Assessment of amblyopia
• Assessment of visual fields
• Refraction
