Friday, January 3, 2025
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS)
DEFINED
• Information system is defined as any
organized combination of people,
hardware, software, communications
network, and data resources to perform the
activities of input, processing, output, and
control activities that collect, transform
data resources into information products in
an organization or disseminates
information in an organization.
• Examples of IS include:
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MAJOR TYPES OF
INFORMATION SYSTEM
• Transaction processing systems
• Office automation systems
• Enterprise collaboration systems
• Knowledge management systems
• Management information systems
• Expert systems
• Executive information systems
• Decision support systems
• Artificial intelligence
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1. TRANSACTION
PROCESSING SYSTEM
• TPS are cross-functional IS that process data resulting from
the occurrence of business transactions and updates
records about the fundamental business operations of the
organization.
• TPS also produce a variety of information products for
internal or external use such as customer statements,
employee paychecks, sales receipts etc.
• TPS process transactions in 2 basic ways; namely the batch
processing & real-time or online processing.
• Must pass the ACID test
• Examples ATM, MM transactions, airline reservation
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2. OFFICE AUTOMATION
SYSTEM
• Office automation is the planned integration of new technology with
improved office processes to increase the productivity and
effectiveness of all knowledge workers, including managers,
professionals, clerks, and secretaries.
• They create process, store, retrieve, edit, & transmit text, graphics,
images, voice, & other forms of communication among individuals,
work groups, & organizations.
• It’s frequently associated with word processing and desktop
publishing, and new technology such as image processing, e-mail,
video conferencing, facsimile, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and
wireless communications etc.
• Includes use of: e-publishing, desktop publishing,e-commn,e-
collaborn, e-mail
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3. ENTERPRISE
COLLABORATION SYSTEMS
• Enterprise collaboration system involve the use
of variety of technologies and groupware tools
to support communication, coordination, and
collaboration among the members of networked
teams and workgroups in an internetworked
enterprise.
• An internet worked e-business enterprise
depends on intranets, the Internet, extranets, &
other networks to implement such systems.
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4. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
• These are also knowledge-based information
systems that support the creation, organization,
and dissemination of business knowledge to
employees & managers throughout a company.
• Examples include Internet and intranet access to
best business practices, sales proposal strategies,
and customer problem resolution systems,
groupware, data mining, knowledge bases,
discussion forums, & videoconferencing.
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5. KNOWLEDGE WORKS
SYSTEMS
• This is an information system that aid
knowledge workers in the creation and
integration of new knowledge in the
organization.
• Often require access to external knowledge
bases and also run on customized
workstations, use graphics, ability to model
data, analyze vast amounts of data.
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6. MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• MIS produce information products that
support many of the day-to-day managerial
effective decision-making needs of the
organization and business professionals.
• MIS provide reports and displays to
managers, for example daily sales analysis
reports to meet the information needs of
managers.
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7. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
• DSS provide managerial end users with
information in an interactive session on an
ad hoc or as needed basis.
• An example is a what-if-analysis, to
determine where to spend advertising
budget.
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SYSTEMS
• The goal of EIS is to provide top executives
with immediate and easy access to
information about a firm’s critical success
factors (CSFs), that is, key factors that are
critical to accomplishing the organization’s
strategic objectives and capabilities for
competitive advantage.
• Examples include easy access to actions of
competitors, online stock trading, shipment
tracking, and e-Commerce Web systems.
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12 9. EXPERT SYSTEMS
• It is a computer-based information system that uses its
knowledge about a specific complex application area to
act as an expert consultant to users. ES provide
answers to questions in a very specific problem area by
making humanlike inferences about knowledge
contained in a specialized knowledge base.
• Transform expert knowledge into codes & used to
answer questions like an expert
• Based on artificial intelligence.
• Examples: credit application advisor, robots, &
diagnostic maintenance systems, medicine, engineering
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10. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(AI)
• AI is a science and technology based on disciplines
such as computer science, biology, psychology,
linguistics, mathematics, and engineering. Its goal
is to develop computers that can think, see, hear,
walk, talk, and even feel. A major thrust of AI is the
development of computer functions normally
associated with human intelligence, such as
reasoning, learning, and problem solving.
• AI includes natural languages, industrial robots,
expert systems, and intelligent agents.
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COMPUTER BASED
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• CBIS rely on hardware and software
• It has 6 components namely;
Hardware
Software
Data
Network resources
People
Procedures
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ROLE OF COMPUTER BASED
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• Used to provide management with information
• Enables managers access information for planning, control
and directing activities
• Help in evaluation of organization’s performance
• Help businesses create and integrate new knowledge into the
organization
• Reduction in costs
• Improve business processes and enforce innovation
• Enhances speedy and efficient service delivery
• Etc.
