E WHAT AM I?
N I contain more than 100 things but I’m not a
G jigsaw puzzle
I contain metals but I’m not a car
A I contain hydrogen and oxygen but I’m not
water
G I sound like I could be a piece of furniture but
I’m not a flower bed
E I’m used in chemistry but I’m not a test tube.
ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION &
THE MODERN
PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
P
E
R
I
O
D
I
C
T
A
B
L
E
G
R
O
U
P
S
_
F
A
M
I
L
I
E GROUP A ELEMENTS (Longer Columns)
S ❑ classified as REPRESENTATIVE or MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS
G
R
O
U
P
S
_
F
A
M
I
L
I
E GROUP B ELEMENTS (Shorter Columns)
S ❑ classified as TRANSITION ELEMENTS
I
N
N
E
R
T
R
A
N
S
I
T
I
O o Elements in the two long rows at the lower section of the
N periodic table.
I LANTHANIDES
N Elements with atomic numbers 58 to 71.
N
E
R
o Lanthanides and Lanthanum are
T collectively called LANTHANOIDS.
R
A ACTINIDES
N
Elements with atomic numbers 90 to 103.
S
I
T
I
o Actinides and Actinium are collectively
O
N called ACTINOIDS.
3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF
ELEMENTS IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE
Elements that have the characteristic properties of Luster,
1. Thermal conductivity, Electrical Conductivity, Ductility, and
Malleability.
“SELECTED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS”
M • State of Matter: All are SOLID at room temperature (25 °C).
E - Except mercury (A shimmering liquid at room temperature).
• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
T • High electrical conductivity that decreases with increasing
A temperature.
L • High thermal conductivity
S
• High Luster (Metals are Lustrous/Shiny).
• Malleable and Ductile. • Sonorous
1.
G
R
M
O
E
U
x
T
P x
A
S
L
S [Link]
1.
G
R
M
O
E
U
x
T
P x
A
S
L
S [Link]
1.
a. Alkali
M b. Alkaline
E
T c. Transition
A d. Post-Transition
L
S e. Inner Transition
G ALKALI METALS
R X
o The most reactive metal family; They react with
O water violently so they must be stored in oil.
U o They can react with oxygen to form metallic
P oxides that are basic when dissolved in water.
o FRANCIUM – the most reactive alkali metal.
1 o LITHIUM – the least reactive.
A o Soft metals
G ALKALI METALS
R X
O
U
P
1 o Physically, The alkali metal family is silvery, white
and light.
A o They have low melting and low boiling points.
G ALKALINE METALS
R o The second most reactive family on the periodic
table.
O o Most of the compounds of this group are insoluble in
U water.
P o They are strong reducing agents – they donate
electrons in chemical reactions.
o They are used to make alloys.
2
o Good thermal and electrical conductors
A
G ALKALINE METALS
R
O
U
P
2 o Physically, they have low density, low melting point,
A and a low boiling point.
TRANSITION METALS
GROUPS 3 to 12/ 3B to 8B
POST TRANSITION METALS
G
R
O
U
x
P x
S
o Located between the transition metals and
metalloids
o At standard temperature, they are in a solid state of
matter. and Ductile.
o Malleable
2.
M
G
E
R
T
O
A
U
x
L
P
L x
S
O
I
o Metalloids display properties of both metals and non-metals.
D o They are more brittle than metals but less brittle than non-metals
S o Ductile and Malleable o Shiny and Dull.
“SELECTED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NON METALS”
3.
• State of Matter: Solids, Liquids, or Gases.
N
- Many of the Non metal elements are Gases.
O
e.g. Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and the Noble Gases.
N
Solid Non metals: Carbon, Iodine, Sulfur, and Phosphorus.
M BROMINE – The only non metal element that is Liquid at room
temperature.
E
• Poor electrical conductivity (except carbon in the form of
T Graphite.)
A • Good heat insulators (except carbon in the form of Diamond).
L • No Metallic Luster. • Brittle in Solid State.
S • Non Ductile
GROUP 7A/17:HALOGENS
3. o The name HALOGEN means “Salt formers” in Greek.
N - They interact with metals to form various salt.
O o Halogens exist as Diatomic
N molecules in their elemental
state.
o The only periodic family that contains elements in three
M state of matter at standard temperature.
E F and CL - Gases Br - Liquid I, At, and Ts - Solid
T
A
L o They are highly reactive, highly electronegative, and
S highly toxic non-metal.
3. GROUP 8A/18 NOBLE GASES
N o Also called “AEROGENS” or “INERT GASES”.
O
o They have a complete valence shell.
N
o They are stable and relatively unreactive.
M
E o Low
T electronegativity
A o Low Boiling and Melting points
L
o Colorless and Odorless
S
E ELECTRON
L
E CONFIGURATION
M LONG HAND AND
E SHORT HAND
N
T METHOD
S
ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS
o The distribution of electrons on the energy levels and
subshells.
1s s Blocks of Periodic p
block Table block
2s 2p
3s d block 3p
4s 3d 4p
5s 4d 5p
6s 5d 6p
7s 6d 7p
4f
f block 5f
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
LONG HAND METHOD
ATOMIC # ELEMENTS
1 HYDROGEN
2 HELIUM
3 LITHIUM
4 BERYLLIUM
5 BORON
6 CARBON
7 NITROGEN
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
SHORT HAND METHOD
ATOMIC # ELEMENTS
17 Chlorine
40 Zirconium
76 Osmium
107 Bohrium
5 BORON
6 CARBON
7 NITROGEN
A. Write the electron configuration for the following
elements. (LONG HAND METHOD)
ATOMIC ELEMENTS
#
1. 18 ARGON =
2. 24 CHROMIUM =
3. 27 COBALT =
4. 36 KRYPTON =
5. 42 MOLYBDENUM =
6. 50 TIN =
7. 60 NEODYMIUM =
8. 81 THALLIUM =
9. 95 AMERICIUM =
10. 112 COPERNICIUM =
B. Write the electron configuration for the following
elements. ( SHORT HAND METHOD)
ATOMIC ELEMENTS
#
11 51 ANTIMONY =
.
12 64 GADOLINIUM =
.
13 79 GOLD =
.
14 90 THORIUM =
.
C. Write the electron configuration for the following
elements using LONG & SHORT HAND METHOD.
16. NITROGEN - 7 19. URANIUM - 92
Long Hand Method: Long Hand Method:
Short Hand Method: Short Hand Method:
17. ARGON - 18 20. OGANESSON - 118
Long Hand Method: Long Hand Method:
Short Hand Method: Short Hand Method:
18. XENON - 54
Long Hand Method:
Short Hand Method:
PERIODIC
VARIATION IN
ATOMIC
PROPERTIES
A o The distance from the center of an atom’s nucleus to its outermost
T electrons.
O
M
I
I N
C DECREASES
C
R R
E
A A
D S
I E
U S
S
I o The distance of the outermost shell of electrons from the nucleus of an
Ion – an atom with a net electric charge.
O
N
I
C
R
A
D
I
U *When an atom loses electrons and becomes CATION its size decreases.
S *When an atom gains electrons and becomes ANION its size increases.
I o The distance of the outermost shell of electrons from the nucleus of an
Ion – an atom with a net electric charge.
O
N
I
C
R
A
D
I
U
S
I o The energy required to remove an electron from the atom in
O the gas phase.
N
I
Z
A D
T E INCREASES
I C
O R
N E
A
E S
N E
E S
R
G
E o The amount of energy released when an electron is added to the
L atom in its gaseous state.
E
C
T
R
O
N
A
F
F
I
N
I
o The non-metals have more negative electron affinities than metals. (Except
T
the noble gases, which have positive electron affinities.
E
o a measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons to itself.
L
E
C
T D
R E
O
N C INCREASES
R
N E
E A
G S
A
E
T
I S
V
I
T
Y
S
U
M Atomic Radius decreases
M Ionization energy increases
Ionization energy decreases
Electron affinity decreases
Electron affinity decreases
A Atomic Radius increases Electron affinity increases
R Electronegativity increases
Y
O
F
P
T
T
R
E
N
D o Elements that have high ionization energy and high electron affinity will
S also have high electronegativity since their nuclei strongly attract
REFERENCES:
❏ Singson , E. C. (2018). Physical Science . (D. G. Caballes , Ed.). Golden
Cronica Publishing, Inc.,.
❏ Stoker, S. (2018b). GENERAL CHEMISTRY (2nd ed.). C&E Publishing, Inc.
❏ Odulio, F., & Benitez, E. (2018). CHEMISTRY I (D. Caballes & E. Arvesu,
Eds.). GOLDEN CRONICA PUBLISHING, INC.
[Link]
