SID & STARS

Airspace Management
Group members
• UMAIR ASHRAF
• NABEEL AHMED
• HANAAN ASEER
• MAZHAR FAROOQ
• SULTAN
 SIDs
• Stands for Standard instrument Departure Route
• It is a standard ATS route identified in an instrument departure
procedure by which aircraft should proceed from take-off phase to
the en-route phase
• SIDs main aim is expediting the safe and efficient flow of air traffic
SIDs
• SIDs also aim to deconflict potentially conflicting traffic
• It uses of specific routings, levels, speed restrictions and check points.
• Each runway will have a number of SIDs to ensure that air traffic
• The SID which a pilot intends to use is usually included in the ATC
flight plan
Naming of SIDs
• SID procedures are usually named after the final waypoint (fix) of the
procedure
• The letter in SIDs designates the runways
For example:
The SID to GORLO from runway 09 is named GORLO2N (pronounced
"GORLO Two November")
Aircraft departing to GORLO from runway 36L will fly the GORLO3V
departure ("GORLO Three Victor").
Assignment Procedure:
• Air traffic control clearance must be received prior to flying a SID
• A SID clearance is issued to the pilot based on a combination of the
destination, the first waypoint in the flight plan, and the takeoff
runway used
• SIDs procedure consists of a number of waypoints or fixes, which may
either be given by their geographical coordinates or be defined by
radio beacons, such as VOR or NDB
• SID procedures are defined by local authorities to ensure safety and
expedite handling of departing traffic
Types of SIDs
• Pilot-Nav SIDs
• Radar Vector SIDs
• Hybrid SIDs
Pilot-nav SIDs
• In this SIDs, pilot is responsible for navigation along SIDs route
• Its main benefit is that no Aircraft Vectoring is required.
• They are established for airports where terrain and related safety
factors dictate a specific ground track be flown.
Radar Vector SiDs
• It is used where ATC provide radar navigational guidance to aircraft for
specific SIDS route
• Flying a vector SID may require first flying an obstacle departure
procedure (ODP).
• Vector SIDs give air traffic control more control over air traffic routing
than do pilot-nav SIDs
For example:
"Fly runway heading to (xxx altitude) prior to making any turns."
This ensures the aircraft is clear of any obstacles.
Hybrid SIDs
• A hybrid SID is a departure that combines elements of both the pilot-
nav and radar vector departures
• A hybrid SID usually requires the pilot to fly a set of instructions, then
be vectored to a defined route to a transition to leave the terminal
area.
STARS
• A Standard Arrival Route (STAR) is a standard ATS route identified in
an approach procedure by which aircraft should proceed from the en-
route phase to an initial approach fix.
• Stars also consist of specific routings,levels,speed restrictions and
check point to minimize any conflict b/w flights
• STARs are sued for the effeicent and safe flow of traffic
• While making the ATC flight plan, STARs are also mentioned by the
pilot
• Each runway have a designated Stars to ensure that air traffic is not
delayed
HOW STARS OPERATE
• STAR consists of a set of starting points, called transitions, and a
description of routes
• from each of these transitions to a point near the destination airport,
from where the aircraft can undertake an instrument approach (IAP) or
be vectored for a final approach by terminal air traffic control
• Not all airports have published STARs, but most relatively large or hard
to reach (e.g., in a mountainous area) airports do
• Not all STARs are for IFR flights. Occasionally, STARs are published for
visual approaches, in which case they refer to landmarks visible on the
ground or other visual reference points, instead of waypoints or radio
navigation aids
STARs Segmentation
• The filled stars and route usually can not be changed in the flight plan
during flight.
• It can vary according to weather, the runway or approach in use, or
the need to safely separate air traffic, among other factors
• STARs begins when a flight is near touch down or when filled flight
plan is completed.
STARs Naming
• Naming conventions for STARs vary by country and region
• In Europe, they are often named after the transition waypoint,
followed by a digit that is incremented with each revision of the
procedure, and a letter designating the runway for which the STAR is
intended
• In the United States, STARs are named after waypoints, or unique
features of the STAR, or geographical features, followed by a digit
indicating the STAR revision
SIDS/STARS phraselogy
• Phraseology allows ATC and aircrew to communicate and understand
detailed clearance information in short time and words.
• It consist of harmonized phraselogoy according to standards to reduce
errors.