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Factors Influencing Reaction Rates

The document discusses the collision theory and factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions, including the nature of reactants, concentration, surface area, pressure, temperature, and the use of catalysts. Effective collisions are necessary for reactions to occur, and increasing these collisions leads to faster product formation. Each factor influences the reaction rate differently, with examples provided for clarity.

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14 views11 pages

Factors Influencing Reaction Rates

The document discusses the collision theory and factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions, including the nature of reactants, concentration, surface area, pressure, temperature, and the use of catalysts. Effective collisions are necessary for reactions to occur, and increasing these collisions leads to faster product formation. Each factor influences the reaction rate differently, with examples provided for clarity.

Uploaded by

tewicoh760
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

RATES OF REACTIONS

Winter Break Assignment


Collision Theory

In order for a chemical reaction to occur,


*reactant molecules must collide with each
other
*with enough kinetic energy to break bonds of
reactants
*in correct geometric arrangement
Effective Collisions

 Effective collisions are those that result in


a successful reaction – reactants
converted to products
 As the amount of effective collisions
increases, the faster products are
formed
 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF
CHEMICAL REACTIONS

1. Nature of Reactants
2. Concentration
3. Surface Area
4. Pressure
5. Temperature
6. Adding a Catalyst
Nature of Reactants

• The characteristics of the atoms and molecules (valence


electrons, bonds) affect how quickly they react
Effect on rate –
• More reactive elements react quicker
• Remember complex reactions that require many bonds to break
and form are typically slower – many steps.
Examples – use your periodic table
***metals get more reactive as you move down a group (Cs more
reactive than Na)
***nonmetals less reactive as you move down a group (Cl less
reactive than F)
Concentration of Reactants
 Higher concentrations (molecules more crowded) leads to
more collisions
 Higher concentration = faster rate
 Concentration often measured in Molarity
Example:
a. In air, a lighted splint glows and soon goes out.
b. When placed in pure oxygen (higher oxygen
concentration), the splint bursts into flame
SURFACE AREA
 Reaction rates increase with more surface area or
smaller particle size
 Breaking a solid into smaller pieces or dissolving it to
make a solution allow more molecules to mix and
collide/react at the same time.
 Example: The minute size of the reactant particles
(grain dust), and the mixture of the grain dust with
oxygen in the air caused the reaction to be explosive,
destroying the grain elevator.
PRESSURE

Increasing pressure increases the rate of


effective collisions – increases the rate of reaction

*Pressure affects GASES ONLY.


No effect on solids and liquids.

*Remember pressure can be increased by


decreasing the volume of the container.
TEMPERATURE

Effect on rate: Reactions tend to go faster at high temp.

• Faster moving particles collide more frequently


• Average Kinetic energy of molecules is higher so more
collisions have enough energy to break reactant bonds apart

Example: Cooler temperatures in a refrigerator slow down the


chemical reactions that spoil food.
CATALYST

Addition of a catalyst increases the rate of the


reaction by providing a different and easier pathway
for the reaction

 Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical


reactions without being consumed
 Enzymes are biological catalysts

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