Freud’s

Psychoanaly
tic
Theory
By: Fenella Mar Fua
 Learning
• Biography of Freud
• Components of the Theory

Objective •
•
Concept
Metaparadigm

s • Major Assumptions
• Conclusion of the Theory

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 Biography of Freud
-Freud was born in 1856 in a town
called Freiberg.
-Freud earned a medical degree
and began practicing as a doctor
in Vienna.
-He was appointed Lecturer on
Nervous Diseases at the
Presentation title University of Vienna in 1885.
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 Biography of Freud
After spending time in Paris and
attending lectures given by the French
neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot, Freud
became more interested in theories
explaining the human mind (which
would later relate to his work in
psychoanalysis).

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 Components Of
the Theory

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 Content
Freud proposed that the mind is divided into three components: id, ego, and superego,
and that the interactions and conflicts among the components create personality

According to Freudian theory,

• the id is the component of personality that forms the basis of our most primitive
impulses.
• it is entirely unconscious, and it drives our most important motivations,
including the sexual drive (libido) and the aggressive or destructive drive
(Thanatos).
• the id is driven by the pleasure principle — the desire for immediate
gratification of our sexual and aggressive urges
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 Content
• The id is why we smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, view
pornography, tell mean jokes about people, and engage in other
fun or harmful behaviours, often at the cost of doing more
productive activities.
• In stark contrast of the id the superego represents our sense of
morality and oughts. The superego tell us all the things that we
shouldn’t do, or the duties and obligations of society. The superego
strives for perfection, and when we fail to live up to its demands we
feel guilty.
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 Content
In contrast to the id, which is about the pleasure principle, the
function of the ego is based on the reality principle the idea that we
must delay gratification of our basic motivations until the appropriate
time with the appropriate outlet.
The ego is the largely conscious controller or decision-maker of
personality. The ego serves as the intermediary between the desires of
the id and the constraints of society contained in the superego
We may wish to scream, yell, or hit, and yet our ego normally tells us
to wait, reflect, and choose a more appropriate response.
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 Ego, Id, and Superego in Interaction.

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 Concepts Of
Freud’s Theory

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 Content
• In simple terms, Sigmund Freud's theory suggests
that human behavior is influenced by unconscious
memories, thoughts, and urges.
• The belief in the existence of the unconscious and psychic
determinism
Freudian theory assumes that the unconscious exists and that a great deal of
mental functioning occurs outside of conscious awareness. The unconscious
cannot be observed directly, but can be inferred from the powerful influence it often
has on consciousness and observable behavior. All psychological events, even
those that appear to be random, are actually determined by earlier experiences,
feelings,
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 Content
• The emotional experiences of the past and their psychic
consequences influence all later experience
Past emotional experiences and our reactions to them, though
often buried (i.e., unconscious), live on in each of us and continue
to influence later feelings and behavior. Above all, the experiences
of early childhood, centering around the child’s relations with
his/her caretakers, and the wishes, fears and conflicts they give
rise to, regularly have a determining effect on individual desires
and fears, character, object choices, etc.
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 Content
• Sexual (libidinal) and aggressive wishes are primary motivating forces in human life

Erotic feelings have long been recognized as a primary human motivation, and
Freud showed how infantile pleasures and desires are precursors of adult
sexuality. Psychoanalytic work with patients led Freud and his followers to
recognize aggressive impulses and wishes as an equally important force in
psychic life. In classical psychoanalytic theory these two groups of wishes,
which are thought to be active from birth on, are called drives, or “instinctual
drives” because of their power to impel the mind to activity and their ongoing
role throughout life.

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 Content
• Psychic conflict is ubiquitous, and the way conflicts are resolved largely determines individual adaptation

Many human impulses and wishes can be safely expressed in various ways within an individual’s
social and life context. Sexual and aggressive wishes, however, are often felt to be unacceptable or
dangerous – that is, they are experienced as likely to lead to consequences harmful to the individual.
When this happens, the psyche reacts with anxiety and the mind then institutes various defensive
measures geared to control, minimize or deflect the wishes, and thus forestall the feared
consequences. This process is usually largely or entirely unconscious. The resolution or outcome of
such conflicts is always a compromise between the various elements involved: wishes, fears,
defensive processes and moral concerns. When the resolution is relatively stable and satisfying, we
consider it adaptive (i.e. not hurtful to the individual or his surroundings. When the resolution or
compromise leads to interpersonal or realistic problems for the individual, we consider it to be
maladaptive. Every manifest psychic event is a compromise formation and contains elements of both
drives and defenses in various proportions.
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 Content
• Psychoanalysis provides a technique for understanding and
interpreting human motivation and behavior
The patient is invited to say whatever comes to mind, disregarding such matters as
politeness, logic, sequence and all the rules which ordinarily determine the pattern
of communication between people. The analyst listens in a special way, allowing the
feelings and images which the patient stirs up in him/her to resonate with his/her
own unconscious as clues to what may be underlying the seemingly random
thoughts and associations that emerge. The analyst is trained to be “neutral,” that is
s/he does not have specific goals or ambitions for the patient. The analyst strives to
understand rather than to shape or teach. Neutrality does not mean indifference to
the patient’s welfare or feelings as the patient engages in this struggle.
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 Metaparadigm
of the Theory

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 Content
Person
He states in this theory that human
behaviors have meaning. This means that
all behaviors is caused by something and
can be explained. Childhood experiences
and unconscious desires influence one’s
behavior.
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 Content
Health
Freud believed that the unconscious conflicts in
your mind caused anxiety, moodiness,
depressive thoughts, troubling personality traits,
and difficulties maintaining relationships. He
believed these problems were rooted in past
experiences and relationships. That's
why psychoanalysis focuses on long-term
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 Content
NURSING
By considering conscious and unconscious influences, a nurse
can identify and begin to think about the root causes of patient
suffering. Simply asked patients to talk. Nurses would listen,
encouraging them to let their thoughts drift, to "free associate.
Providing active-listening will allow for a trusting therapeutic
relationship between nurse and patient to be developed.
Instruct the patient through guided imagery or other relaxation
techniques/methods. This will promote relaxation for the
patient and the release of endorphins that will further reduce
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 Content
Environment
Freud proposes that human beings first
construct a picture of the environment in which
they live and only after having done this can
they construct a sense of identity, of who they
are within that environment.

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 Major
Assumptions of
Freud’s Theory

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 Major Assumptions of Freud’s Theory
1.Freud's theory of psychoanalysis assumes
that much of mental life is unconscious, and that past
experiences, especially in early childhood, shape how
a person feels and behaves throughout life.
2.According to Freud, personality results from the
interactions among id, ego, and superego. The ego
copes with threat by deploying defense mechanisms.

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 Conclusion

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 Conclusion
In conclusion Sigmund Freud is recognized as the father
of psychoanalysis, who relied on creating a completely
different approach that is based on the understanding
of human personality. Many of his theories are used by
many psychologists, they have decided to follow his
legacy the psychoanalytic therapy. This therapy inquires
about the impulses that every human being keeps in his
unconscious, and aims to provide a situation of
rediscovery of oneself in order to promote an
improvement of the current psychic state 20XX 24
 References:
Psychoanalysis:
A History of Fr
eud's Psychoan
alytic Theory (p
ositivepsycholo
gy.com)
Freud's psycho
analytic theorie
s – Wikipedia
Understanding
Freud's Psycho
analytic Theory
(rnspeak.com)

Thank you
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