System Analysis and Process
Integration
BAem 414
Lecture # 2
Table of Contents
• Introduction of the Course
• System Development Life Cycle Phases
• Technology Drivers
• SAD Contribution to SDLC
Overview
• System concept
• Types of information systems
• System Stakeholders
• System development life cycle.
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System Concept
A system is “an orderly grouping of
interdependent components linked together
according to a plan to achieve a specific
goal.”
Example :
• The library system
• The telephone system 4
Characteristics of a System
1.Systems are organized
• The components in the system are arranged in a particular
order and have a structure to achieve specific objectives.
• For example, in a college , the hierarchical relationships
start with the dean on the top and go downward to the
level of operational staff
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2.System components interact
with each other:
• Interaction is the manner in which each
component in the system functions with other
components
• Example : In a college, the registration
department interacts with the assessment
office
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3. System components are
interdependent:
• Interdependencemeans that parts of the
system depend on one another
• Example : The list of students registered
(output given by registration department) is
used as the input for preparing the exam
schedule by the assessment office
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4. System components are
integrated
• It means that parts of the system work together
within the system even though each part
performs a unique function.
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5.System has a central objective
• A system works to achieve a central objective.
• Example :The objective of a registration system
in a university is to satisfy the needs of the
students to complete the registration
procedures successfully.
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Information system (Concept)
Information systems are a set of interconnected
elements working together to collect, process,
store, and distribute information to coordinate the
activities and support decision-making processes
in an organization.
Example : Online course registration system
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Example of Information system
Consider the JU student information system (SIS) and try
to answer the following:
• What are the different components of SIS?
• Who are the users of SIS?
• What are the processes associated with SIS?
• What type of information is distributed to the users?
• How does it support the users in the decision-making
processes?
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System elements
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System Elements - Outputs and
Inputs
• Inputs are the information that enters into the system for
processing. Output is the outcome of processing.
• Example: In SIS, during the registration period, students
input the details of courses they prefer to register, which
is considered input.
• Based on the given inputs, the system prepares the
output
• An example of a process Students get their timetable
from the system (output)
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System Elements - Environment
• It is the source of external elements that strike on the
system.
• It determines how a system must function.
For example, partner universities are considered
external elements for the JU registration system and are part
of the system environment.
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System Element - Boundaries
• A system should be defined by its boundaries.
• Boundaries are the limits that identify its
components, processes, and interrelationship
when it interfaces with another system.
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Types Of Information System
• There are six types of information systems which are listed below:
• Transaction processing system(TPS)
• Management Information system(MIS)
• Decision support systems(DSS)
• Executive support systems(ESS)
• Knowledge management systems(KMS)
• Office Automation System
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1. Transaction Processing
Systems
• Transaction Processing Systems ("TPS") are designed
for processing routine transactions powerfully and
accurately.
• A transaction encompasses all of the purchases and sales
of products and services, along with any daily business
transactions or activities required to operate a company
• Example:
Sales staff use a transaction processing system to store
the company’s daily sales..
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2. Management Information
Systems (MIS)
• A management information system uses various transaction data
from a TPS to help middle management optimize planning and
decision-making.
• It retrieves TPS information, aggregates it, and generates reports to
help those at the management level know important details of a
situation
• Example:
MIS prepares annual sales reports for sales organizations using
the data retrieved from TPS (daily sales ).
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3. Decision Support Systems
(DSS)
• A decision support system processes data to assist in management
decision-making
• DSS is interactive, management can easily add or delete data and ask
important questions.
• This provides the evidence required for mid-management to make
the right choices that will ensure the company meets its targets.
• Example:
• A bank manager can use a DSS to assess the evolving loan trends
to determine which yearly loan targets to meet.
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4. Executive Support Systems
(ESS)
• Executive support systems are similar to a DSS but are primarily
used by executive leaders and owners to optimize decision-making.
• Enterprise leaders find answers to non-routine questions so they
can make choices that improve the company's outlook and
performance
• Example:
An organization can use ESS to display data about tax regulations,
new competitive startups, internal compliance issues, and other
relevant executive information (uses both internal and external
data).
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5. Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)
• A knowledge management system stores and extracts
information to help users enhance their knowledge and
optimize collaboration efforts to complete tasks
• KMS is used by employees, customers, management, in the
organization.
• Examples of documents found in a knowledge
management system include employee training materials,
company policies, and procedures, or answers to
customer questions
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6. Office Automation
Systems
• An office automation system is a network of various tools,
technologies, and people required to conduct clerical and
managerial tasks.
• Typical examples of functions performed by an OAS include
printing documents, mailing paperwork, e-mailing, maintaining
a company calendar
• An OAS can integrate with e-mail or word processing
applications to ensure all communication data is easily
accessible and in one centralized location
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UAE Business Drivers of today’s
IS
• Now a days UAE IT industry is a growing sector in business world. The
key business drivers are:
• Globalization of the Economy
• Impact of the internet
• Security and Privacy
• Collaboration and Partnership
• Knowledge Asset Management
• Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management
GCC and Globalization of the
Economy
• The biggest players in today’s global marketplace are multinational
corporations, international markets, same is the case of GCC.
• Impact on information systems
• Require support of multiple languages, currency exchange rates,
business cultures
• Require consolidation of international data
• Demand for players who can communicate, orally and in writing,
with management and users that speak different languages
Impact Of The Internet
The Internet can be used for any business application that involves data
communication, including both communication inside the firm and with
the environment
Impact on the information systems
• Most of the information systems are designed for internet
architecture.
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Security and Privacy
What is the impact of security and Privacy on information systems?
Security
• How will the business continue in the event of a security breach, terrorist
attack, or disaster?
• How can the business protect its digital assets from outside threats?
Privacy
• Consumer demands for privacy in e-commerce transactions
• Government requirements
Impact on information systems
• Need to incorporate stringent security
26 and privacy controls
Collaboration and Partnership
• Organizations seek to break down the walls that separate
organizational departments and functions.
• Organizations collaborate with outside business partners and even
competitors.
Impact on IS
• Need to provide secure external access
• Need to pass data between different information systems
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Knowledge Asset Management
• Data: Raw facts about an organization and its business
transactions
• Information: Data that has been refined and organized by
processing and purposeful intelligence
• Knowledge – data and information that is further refined based
on the facts, truths, beliefs, judgments, experiences, and
expertise of the recipient.
So with the help of information systems organizations can manage
and share knowledge for competitive advantage.
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Continuous Improvement and
Total Quality Management
• Continuous process improvement (CPI)
The continuous monitoring of business processes to effect
small but measurable improvements in cost reduction and
value added.
• Total quality management (TQM)
Comprehensive approach to facilitating quality
improvements and management within a company
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Technology Drivers for
Today’s Information Systems
• Use of Networks and Internet
• Use of Mobile-Wireless Technologies
• Use of Object -Technologies
• Uses Collaborative- Technologies
• Uses Enterprise- Applications
Question: Identify the technology used for the successful development and
installation of SIS.
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How systems analysis and design
contribute to the SDLC
Systems analysis and design is a crucial part of the software development life cycle
(SDLC) as it helps to define and develop the requirements for a software system. The
goal of systems analysis and design is to translate the needs and requirements of the
end-users and stakeholders into a working system that meets their expectations.
Here are some of the ways systems analysis and design contributes to the SDLC:
• Requirements gathering and analysis:
• Prototyping:
• Design Solution:
• Validation and testing:
• Maintenance and support
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In-Class Activity
Q/A
Thanks
