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Advanced SQL Queries

This document outlines the learning objectives and key concepts of advanced SQL queries, including various types of joins, subqueries, aggregate functions, and query optimization techniques. It provides examples of SQL queries for INNER JOIN and subqueries, as well as aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, and AVG. Additionally, it includes student exercises to practice these concepts.

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Momodu Fred Yakubu
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88 views9 pages

Advanced SQL Queries

This document outlines the learning objectives and key concepts of advanced SQL queries, including various types of joins, subqueries, aggregate functions, and query optimization techniques. It provides examples of SQL queries for INNER JOIN and subqueries, as well as aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, and AVG. Additionally, it includes student exercises to practice these concepts.

Uploaded by

Momodu Fred Yakubu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 3: Advanced SQL Queries

Advanced SQL Queries and


Optimization
Yazz Communication Academy
Learning Objectives
• - Understand and write complex SQL queries
• - Use different types of joins to retrieve data
from multiple tables
• - Apply subqueries to extract data efficiently
• - Utilize aggregate functions for data analysis
• - Optimize queries to improve performance
SQL Joins
• - INNER JOIN: Returns only matching rows
from both tables
• - LEFT JOIN: Returns all rows from the left
table and matching rows from the right table
• - RIGHT JOIN: Returns all rows from the right
table and matching rows from the left table
• - FULL OUTER JOIN: Returns all rows when
there is a match in either table
• - SELF JOIN: Joins a table with itself
• - CROSS JOIN: Returns the Cartesian product
Example: INNER JOIN
• SQL Query:
• SELECT employees.name,
departments.department_name
• FROM employees
• INNER JOIN departments ON
employees.department_id = departments.id;
Subqueries
• - Nested queries: A query inside another
query
• - Correlated subqueries: A subquery that
references the outer query
• - Using subqueries in SELECT, FROM, and
WHERE clauses
Example: Subquery
• SQL Query:
• SELECT name, salary
• FROM employees
• WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM
employees);
Aggregate Functions
• - COUNT(): Counts the number of rows
• - SUM(): Calculates the sum of a column
• - AVG(): Calculates the average value
• - MIN() / MAX(): Returns the smallest or
largest value
• - GROUP BY: Groups data by a column
• - HAVING: Filters grouped results
Query Optimization Techniques
• - Using indexes to speed up searches
• - Avoiding unnecessary columns in SELECT
queries
• - Using EXPLAIN to analyze query performance
Student Exercises
• 1. Write a query using LEFT JOIN to retrieve all
employees and their department names,
including those without a department.
• 2. Use a subquery to find courses with more
than 20 students enrolled.
• 3. Apply SUM and GROUP BY to calculate the
total salary paid per department.
• 4. Optimize an existing query by adding an
index to a frequently searched column.

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