Lesson 2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
• What is speed , how do we calculate speed and average speed?
• What is velocity , how do we calculate velocity?
• What is acceleration, how do we calculate acceleration?
What is speed and how do we calculate it?
• The speed of an object is the distance the object moves per unit of
time.
• Speed=
Distance
• Time
Distance= Speed x time
• Time= Distance
speed
Units of speed
• If the speed is km/h . The distance is km and the time is hour.
• If the speed is m/s. The distance is m and the time is second.
Instantaneous and average speed
• The speed at a particular instant in time is called
instantaneous speed.
• The average speed of an object is the total distance
traveled by the object over the total time taken. To
calculate average speed, divide the total distance
traveled
• Average by the Total
Speed= total time.
Distance
Total Time
• For example, suppose you drove a distance of 3
kilometers in 1 hour while in heavy traffic. Then,
it took you 1 hour to drive 50 kilometers from one
side of a city to the other. Finally, you traveled
211 kilometers on an interstate highway in 2
hours. The average speed of the car is the total
distance
Total traveled divided by the total time
distance=3km+50km+211km=2
64km
Total time=1h+1h+2h=4h
Average speed= 264km
4h
=66km/h
• For example, A racecar at the Daytona 500 zips
around the track. It travels the first 80 kilometers
in 0.4 hours. The next 114 kilometers take 0.6
hours. The following 80 kilometers take 0.4
hours.
Total distance=80km+80km+114km=
272km
Total time=0.4h+0.4h+0.6h=1.4h
Average speed= 274km
1.4h
=195.7142857=195km/h
Calculating speed from a graph
• Distance is shown on the vertical axis, or y-axis. A
point on the line represents the distance an
object has traveled during a given time period.
• Distance is y-axis, rise Although, time is x-axis,
run
• Slope = Rise
Run
Calculating slope
• A= 0 DIVIDED 0 = m/s
• B= 50 DIVIDED 2 = 25m/s
• 100 DIVIDED 4= 25m/s
Velocity and velocity calculations
• The speed at which an object travels in a given direction is called
velocity.
• For example, 25 km/h eastward.
• Velocity = distance
, direction
time
Acceleration
• Acceleration as the rate at which velocity changes.
• Starting line: speeding up
• Curve: change in velocity(direction)
• Finishing line: slowing down(deceleration)
• Speeding up
• Slowing down(decelerating)
Is acceleration
• Change in directions
Acceleration calculations
• Acceleration= Final speed−Initial speed
Time
Acceleration= 24m/s –
• To calculate the acceleration of 0m/s
the airplane during takeoff, you 3s
must first subtract the initial
speed of 0 m/s from its final
speed of 24 m/s. Then divide
Acceleration=8m/s2
the change in speed by the
time, 3 seconds.
