Understanding

Culture, Society and

Politics
MODULE 6
 Forms and
Functions of
Social
Organizations
 OBJECTIVES:

Trace kinship ties and

social networks.
 OBJECTIVES:

Explain the role of

social groups in
shaping identities of
individual persons.
 OBJECTIVES:

Display appreciation to all

social organization for
forging identities and
relationships in a society.
 OBJECTIVES:

Value one’s
participation in shaping
a person.
 Background

Society is made up of
social groups.
 Background

A social group consists of two

or more people who identify
with and interact with one
another.
 Background

People who make up a group

share
experiences, loyalties, and
interests.
 Background
Examples of social groups are
couples, families, circles of
friends and barkada,
churches, clubs, businesses,
 Background
Examples of social groups are
couples, families, circles of
friends and barkada,
churches, clubs, businesses,
TYPES OF
SOCIAL
GROUPS
Types of Social
Groups

PRIMARY
GROUP
 1. Primary Group

Is social
a small These
personal
group and
tightly
whose
members integrate
share d groups
are
personal
and among
lasting the
groupsfirst
an
relationshi
ps. individual
experienc
 1. Primary Group

The most Friends

who
important
primary shape an
individual
group
any in ’s
attitudes,
society is
the family. behavior,
and social
identity
also form
one’s
primary
group.
 Types of Social
Groups
SECONDARY
GROUP
 2. Secondary Group
Unlike the
Is a large
and
primary
group which
impersona
lgroup
social
is defined
according to
who they
whose
members
are in terms
of family
pursue
specifica ties or
personal
goal or
activity.
qualities,
membership
in secondary
 Background
Over
may time,
transform a group
from
secondary
as with to primary,
classmates or
neighbors
develop who
closer
relationships.
Moreover,
possible towhile it
identify is
some groups as either
primary or secondary,
 Background
For
student example, a
organization
may
more be larger
anonymous, andbut
its members
identify stronglymay
with
one another
provide and
mutual
support.
Through socialization,
individuals develop
 Types of Social
Groups
REFERENCE
GROUP
 3. Reference Group
To
one’sassess
own Reference
groups
attitudes
and can be
primary or
behaviors. secondary,
as well as
A
groupsocial
that groups that
we do not
serves
a as belong to,
as in the
point of
reference case of a
person
in making following
 3. Reference Group
An in-group
Besides is a social
reference group
groups, toward
there is which a
also the member
opposition feels respect
of in- and loyalty.
groups An out-
and out- group is a
groups. social group
toward
which a
 Background
As
beyond groups
three grow
people,
they
stable become
and more
capable of
withstanding
of members. the
one or more loss
At the same
increases in time,
group
size
reduce the intense
 Background
Larger
are groups
based less on
personal
and moreattachment
on formal
rules (Macionis,
and regulations
2012).
 Types of Social
Groups

NETWORK
 4. Network
Some
Is group
containing scholars
claim that
people
whointo
come networks
are
nonhierarchi
occasional
contact cal, value-
free, and
but who
lack a structure-
less
sense of
boundarie organization
s, and that
s and
belonging. they are
composed of
 4. Network
This is Some rules
illustrated may be
by social imposed
networkin while others
g sites are
such as negotiated.
Facebook. Their
Living in a importance
society in
implies understandi
that we ng what is
are culturally,
socially and
 SOCIAL
INSTITUTION
 Background
A social
“consists institution
of all the
structural
components of a
society
the through
main which
concerns
and activities
organized, and are
social
needs
(Marshall … are
1998:met”
317–
318).
 Background
Institutions
over time as aevolve
result
ofrelationship
the changing
among
society. groups
There in
are
institutions,
that persisthowever,
despite
changes
economic, in the
social, and
political landscape.
 Background
In Philippine
society, some
important
are family,institutions
religion,
and
Other civil society.
institutions
sucheconomy,
as market and
education, and
are also notable.health
 1. FAMILY
Is
institution a social
found in all
societies
people in that unites
cooperative
groups to
another, care for one
including
any children
(Macionis 2012: 418).
 1. FAMILY
A.The
a nuclear
family composed family
of is
one
theiror two parents
children. It is and
also
known
family. as a conjugal
B. As
familyan isextended
a family
composed
and childrenof parents
as well as
other kin. It is also
 1. FAMILY
C. The
family reconstituted
is a family
whose
form ofcomposition
emotional and
care
differ
nuclearfrom
or those
extended of the
family.
D. Kinship
bond based is
ona “social
common
ancestry,
adoption”. marriage, or
 1. FAMILY
D. Kinship
traditional - A more
understanding
follows the idea of kinship
that
persons
duties who
and extend
privileges to
one
of another on
consanguinity the
or basis
blood relations
considered are
members of
the same kin group.
Ritual kinship refers to
 1. FAMILY
E. Bands
usually led- A
by band
a is
headman
of the who
community members
considered
either their as
best hunter
or wisest member.
Members
either liveof the
within band
one
community
themselves or scatter
across their
territory.
 1. FAMILY
F. Tribes
fragile as -
a is rather
political
system but militarily
organizationally and
efficient
in dealing
whether with
from anthreats
external enemy
natural calamities. or
In the
wrongly Philippines,
consider a some
linguistic group
tribal formation. as a
 1. FAMILY
F. Chiefdoms
usually headed -byis
a chief,
higher a person
rank as of
well as
authority
other compared
members of a to
council.
The
up acouncil
chiefdomthat makes
normally
comprises
community the
or chiefs of a
multiple communities
 2. ECONOMY
Economy
institution is
thatthe “social
organizes
a society’s
distribution, production,
and
goodsconsumption
and of
services”
(Macionis
The economy2012:has370).
three
sectors
primary (Ibid:
sector 372). The
relies
on raw materials from
the natural environment.
 2. ECONOMY
The
is secondary
the sector
manufacturing
sector
raw which
materialstransforms
into manufactured
goods. This sector has a
significant
economy inshare
low-, of the
middle-, and high-
income nations.
Examples are
 2. ECONOMY
The tertiary
produces sector
services rather
than goods.
dominant It is
sector the
in low-,
middle-, and high-
income countries.
Examples
services, are
sales,call
andcenter
teaching.
 3. NONSTATE
Are organizations,
ACTORS
groups, or networks that
participate
internationalin relations
and global governance.
They
have are deemed
sufficient to
power
and influence
advocate for to
and cause
changes in international
norms and development
 3. NONSTATE
They include
society, civil
ACTORS
nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs)
and international
(INGOs), economic NGOs
and
social
trade groups,
union including
organizations
transnational and
corporations, and
private sector. In the
 3. NONSTATE
Civil society is
ACTORS “the
population of groups
formed
purpose for collective
primarily
outside of
marketplace”the State
(van and
Rooy
1998: 30).
 4. EDUCATION
Is the acquisition
knowledge, skills, of
values
and
many beliefs. There
competing are
ideas
about education
institution. as an
For
a some, it
socializing is viewed
process as
while others
education as view
a status
competition.
 4. EDUCATION
Finally,
also be education can
seen as a system
legitimation, where of it
restructures
populations, entire
creating
elites
rights and
and redefining
duties of the
its
members (Meyer 1977).
Mass education, or
public education, is an
 5. RELIGION
Giddens
(2013) and
cite Duneier
Durkheim’s
definition
involving of
a religion
set of as
symbols
feelings that
of invoke
reverence or
awe, which
rituals are
practiced linked
by a to
community of believers.
Question
Time
Thank
You