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H. W. HEINRICH,
DOMINO THEORY
H. W. Heinrich, Domino Theory
Domino Theory — a theory of accident causation and
control, developed by H.W. Heinrich, that imports that
all accidents, whether in a residence or a workplace
environment, are the result of a chain of events.

According to H. W. Heinrich, accidents are:

 98% - Preventable
o 88% - Unsafe/Unhealthy Acts
o 10% - Unsafe/Unhealthy Conditions
 2% - Non-Preventable
Unsafe/Unhealthy Act
 A human action that departs from standard or written job
procedure or common practice, safety rules, regulations, or
instructions.
 A violation of commonly-accepted safe procedures and or
processes.

Examples of Unsafe Act

 Operating equipment without authority
 Removing safety devices
 Using defective equipment
 Using improper/not using PPE
 Horse-playing
Examples of Unhealthy Act
Smoking cigarettes in the workplace
Inhaling organic solvents
Drinking alcoholic beverage during office
hours
Taking illegal drugs inside company
premises
Unsafe/Unhealthy Condition
 The physical or chemical property of a material, machine or
the environment that may result in injury to a person,
damage or destruction to property and other losses;
 could have been guarded or prevented.

Examples of Unsafe Condition

 Defective tools/equipment
 Congested/blocked exits
 Inadequate warning systems
 Slippery floors
 Hazardous atmospheric condition
Examples of Unhealthy Condition
Excessive noise
Inadequate illumination/ventilation
Extreme temperature
A fatal accident is just the TIP of the
iceberg.
 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 2
HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
Safety Hazards
These are the most common and will be present in
most workplaces at one time or another. They include
unsafe conditions that can cause injury, illness and
death.
Safety Hazards include:
• Spills on floors or tripping hazards, such as blocked aisles
or cords running across the floor
• Working from heights, including ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or
any raised work area
• Unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts; guards
removed or moving parts that a worker can accidentally
touch
• Electrical hazards like frayed cords, missing ground pins,
improper wiring
• Confined spaces
• Machinery-related hazards (lockout/tagout, boiler safety,
forklifts, etc.)
Biological Hazards
Associated with working with animals, people, or
infectious plant materials. Work in schools, day care
facilities, colleges and universities, hospitals,
laboratories, emergency response, nursing homes,
outdoor occupations, etc. may expose you to
biological hazards.
Types of things you may be exposed to
include:

 Blood and other body fluids

 Fungi/molds
 Bacteria and viruses
 Plants
 Insect bites
 Animal and bird droppings
Physical Hazards

Are factors within the environment that can harm the body
without necessarily touching it.
Physical Hazards include:
• Radiation including ionizing or non-ionizing (EMF’s,
microwaves, radio waves, etc.)
• High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays
• Temperature extremes – hot and cold
• Constant loud noise
Ergonomic Hazards
Occur when the type of work, body positions and working
conditions put strain on your body. They are the hardest to
spot since you don’t always immediately notice the strain
on your body or the harm that these hazards pose. Short-
term exposure may result in “sore muscles” the next day
or in the days following exposure, but long-term exposure
can result in serious long-term illnesses.
Ergonomic Hazards include:

 Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs

 Frequent lifting
 Poor posture
 Awkward movements, especially if they are
repetitive
 Repeating the same movements over and over
 Having to use too much force, especially if you
have to do it frequently
 Vibration
Chemical Hazards
Are present when a worker is exposed to any
chemical preparation in the workplace in any
form (solid, liquid or gas). Some are safer than
others, but to some workers who are more
sensitive to chemicals, even common solutions
can cause illness, skin irritation, or breathing
problems.
Beware of:
 Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids,
solvents – ESPECIALLY if chemicals are in an
unlabeled container!
 Vapors and fumes that come from welding or
exposure to solvents
 Gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide
and helium
 Flammable materials like gasoline, solvents, and
explosive chemicals.
 Pesticides
Work Organization Hazards

Hazards or stressors that cause stress (short-

term effects) and strain (long-term effects).
These are the hazards associated with
workplace issues such as workload, lack of
control and/or respect, etc.
Examples of work organization hazards include:
 Workload demands
 Workplace violence
 Intensity and/or pace
 Respect (or lack of)
 Flexibility
 Control or say about things
 Social support/relations
 Sexual harassment
SELF-CHECK 1
BASIC SAFETY RULES AND
CONTROL MEASURES
BASIC SAFETY RULES AND CONTROL
MEASURES

Workplace Good Housekeeping (5S

System)
Fire Safety
Machine Safety
Safety on Material Handling & Storage
Electrical Safety
WORKPLACE GOOD HOUSEKEEPING (5S SYSTEM)

SIGNS OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING

 Cluttered and poorly arranged areas
 Materials gathering rust and dirt from disuse
 Blocked aisleway
 Untidy or dangerous storage of materials
 Overflow storage areas and shelves
 Presence of items no longer needed or in excess
 Dusty, dirty floors and work surfaces
 Tools and equipment left in work areas
 No waste bins and containers
Planning a Good Housekeeping Program (5S)

5S is a tool that represents the basic principles of

housekeeping and workplace organization. It is more than
cleaning and painting. It is a disciplined approach to keep
the workplace efficient and effective.

Benefits of 5S
 Maintains safe and healthy work conditions.
 High morale. Employees feel good in their second home.
 Improve company image.
For a 5S and Housekeeping Program to be
Effective
 Management commitment and employee
support
 Housekeeping & 5s policy program and
procedures
 Training
 Program evaluation
 Recognition
FIRE SAFETY

Fire – rapid oxidation with the evolution of light and heat

Common Sources of Heat
 Overloaded electrical system
 Open flames
 Smoking / cigarette butts
 Hot surfaces
 Friction
 Cutting / welding
 Electrical spark
Fires can be classified according to the fuel it
consumes:
Importance of Fire Safety

 Life Safety - The primary goal of fire safety efforts is

to protect building occupants from injury and to
prevent loss of life.

 Property Protection - The secondary goal of fire

safety is to prevent property damage.

 Protection of Operations - By preventing fires and

limiting damage we can assure that work operations
will continue.
Principles of Fire Prevention and
Control
Prevent the  Provision of Hot Work Permit System
outbreak of  Practice safe storage of chemicals
fire  Never overload a power outlet
 Smoke only in designated smoking
areas
 Correct all defective wiring systems
Provide for A complete protective signaling and
early control system including fire detection,
detection alarm and communication
 Fire Alarms, Detectors, annunciators
Prevent the  Compartmentation
spread of fire  Fixed Fire Protection System
(Sprinklers, Hydrants, Fire Hose/ Fire
Hose Cabinets)
Provide  Removal of Fuel
for  Excluding or Limiting
prompt Oxygen
extinguish Cooling
ment  By Interrupting the
Chain Reaction
Provide  Fire emergency
for evacuation route
prompt maps/evacuation plans
and  Working/active fire
orderly brigade team/
evacuatio emergency response
n team
Using Portable Fire Extinguisher
Fire Brigade Organization
Fire Marshall
 Complete monitoring and supervision of the situation.

Fire Captain
 Supervises the firefighting and evacuation activities of his
area of responsibility.

Fire Fighting Group

 Performs actual firefighting in an emergency situation and
drills.
Evacuation Group
 Provide full assistance on the proper evacuation of all the occupants in
the building.
 Familiar with all the entry and exit points of the building including the
designated evacuation area.
First Aid Group
 proper and immediate application of Basic First Aid to the victims.
 Monitor the hospitals wherein the victims were brought.
Security and Communication Group
 Call the nearest fire station or any provided emergency hotline.
 Give public address in case of evacuation.
 Ensure the safety of the evacuation area and assist the police in crowd
control.
Search and Rescue Group
 Conduct initial search and rescue procedures on the building.
Fire Safety Programs
 Fire Detection & Alarm System
 First Aid Fire Protection System
 Fixed Fire Protection System
 Fire Exit Doors, Fire Exit Signs, directional arrows
 Fire emergency evacuation route maps /evacuation plans
 Inspection & maintenance system of fire detection, alarm, control &
suppression systems
 Hot work permit system
 Fire Safety Training
 Conduct of drills
 Working / active fire brigade team / emergency response team
 Working / updated Emergency Response Plans
 Compliance to standards (OSHS, Fire Code)
MACHINE SAFETY

Hazards Associated with Machines

Effects Of Machine Related
Accidents
 Can result to severe injuries
 Loss of trained and skilled employee
 Loss in productivity
 Damaged equipment
Machine Safety

Safeguarding any machine part that may cause injury. It is

the prevention of accidents when working with machines.

Prevents:
 Loss of life
 Severe accidents or serious injury
 Loss of production
 Equipment damage and repairs
 Having time spent on accident investigation and other
statutory requirements
Machine Guards
 Guards are barriers that prevent entry of an individual’s
hands or other body parts into a hazard area.
 Installed to minimize the risk of injury to machine operators
or other persons from hazardous machine part.

Requirements for Machine Guards

 Prevent employee contact with hazardous moving parts
 Secured and durable
 Prevent falling materials into moving parts
 Create no new hazards
 Must not interfere with worker productivity
 Should allow for proper and safe maintenance and
Lock-out/Tag-out System (LOTO)

The standard for the control of hazardous energy

sources which covers maintenance of machines in
which the unexpected start up of machines or
release of stored energy could cause injury to
employees.
Machine Safety Program
An effective Machine Safety Program must have the following:
 Equipment/Machine inspection and maintenance program
 Installation of safety devices (guards, relief valves, provision
for LOTO, interlocks, limit switches, etc.)
 Compliance to regulatory requirements and standards (e.g.
mechanical permits, OSHS, etc.)
 Implementation of LOTO system
 Having a machine operation and safety procedures
 Machine alarm and warning signal system
 Equipment/machine safety signages
 Application of Job hazard Analysis
SAFETY IN MATERIAL HANDLING & STORAGE

Materials Handling

Manual Handling
 The lifting, transporting and packaging of products using
own physical strength.
 Hand operated handling, transporting and packaging of
products.

Mechanical Handling
 Pertains to more rigid, powered and non-powered
mechanics mainly for handling bulky and heavy items.
Hazards Associated with Materials Handling
 Failure of the lifting equipment
 Falling load
 Collision
 Trapped between objects

Manual Handling – Mistakes that Causes Injuries

 Bending back
 Twisting with load
 Attempting too much weight (load too heavy)
 Reaching too far
 Lifting to one side
 Off-balance shifting
 Failure to use personal PPE such as gloves, safety shoes
Proper Procedure of Manual
Lifting
Mechanical Handling General Requirements
• Operators must be under skills training and must
be authorized.

Equipment must be regularly inspected and

maintained
Principles of Material
Storage
Materials Storage Room General Requirements
 Stored materials must not create a hazard.
 Should be properly illuminated and ventilated.
 Materials are properly identified and labeled (including hazard labels).
 Should have proper danger or warning signs.
 Must have a smooth flow of materials, material handling equipment
and people.
 Storage areas must be kept free from accumulated materials that may
cause tripping, fires, or explosions, or that may contribute to the
harboring of rats and other pests).
 When stacking and piling materials, it is important to be aware of such
factors as the materials' height and weight, how accessible the stored
materials are to the user, and the condition of the containers where
the materials are being stored.
 Materials & material handling equipment should not obstruct
emergency equipment such as fire alarm buttons, evacuation map,
first aid kits, fire extinguishers (portable or fixed) etc.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist

 Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses
 Warm tools, wires, cords, connections, or junction boxes
 Circuit breaker that shuts off a circuit
 Worn or frayed insulation around wire or connection
Protection Against Hazards of Electricity
SELF-CHECK 2
 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
AND CHEMICAL SAFETY
What is Industrial Hygiene?

The science and art devoted to identification,

evaluation and control of environmental factors and
stresses arising in or from the workplace, which may
cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or
significant discomfort among workers or among
citizens of the community.
How hazards are identified?

 Walk through survey / ocular inspection

 Review of processes involved
 Gathering workers’ complaints
 Knowing the raw materials used, products and
by-products
 GHS Labels and Safety Data Sheet
What is a label?

An appropriate group of written, printed or graphic

information elements that are affixed to, printed on,
or attached to the immediate container of a
hazardous product, or to the outside packaging of a
hazardous product.
Components of a GHS-Compliant Label
Product Identifier – Should match the
product identifier on the Safety Data
Sheet.
Signal Word – Either use “Danger”
(severe) or “Warning” (less severe).
Hazard Statement – A phrase assigned
to a hazard class that describes the
nature of the product’s hazards.
Precautionary Statements – Describe
recommended measures to minimize or
prevent adverse effects resulting from
exposure.
Supplier Identification – The name,
address and telephone number of the
manufacturer or supplier.
Pictograms – Graphical symbols
intended to convey specific hazard
information visually.
GHS
Pictogram
s
ACTIVITY
What is an SDS?

Safety Data Sheet is a

summary of the
important health, safety
and toxicological
information on the
chemical or the mixture
ingredients.
Importance of SDS
 Primarily for workplace use
 Employees and workers use these as a source of
information and safety precautions about the
chemical and their hazards
Contents of an SDS
1. Identification of the Chemicals
2. Hazards identification
3. Composition/Information on ingredients
4. First-aid measures
5. Firefighting measures
6. Accidental release measures
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure control and personal protection
9. Physical and chemical properties
[Link] and reactivity
[Link] information
[Link] information
[Link] considerations
[Link] information
[Link] information
[Link] information
General Considerations for Chemical Storage
[Link] Identification
[Link] and Isolation
[Link] Containers
[Link]
[Link] and Egress
What do we need to know on safe handling of
chemicals?
 Safety user is potentially exposed to the chemical.
 Risk/Consequences due to lack of safety considerations in
the use of chemicals.
 Where are the chemicals used and handled?
 Frequency/Quantity of chemical used?
 How was the chemical used?
Common Code of Practice at the Workplace
 Make an inventory list of the chemicals used.
 Make a summary of the health effects of those chemicals.
 Specify the route of exposure of those chemicals.
 Check and use necessary tools or equipment for safe work
practices.
 Make a breakdown of operating procedures and control
measures in cases of emergency situations (chemical spills)
 Train workers with the proper use and safe handling of
chemicals
 Check for the availability of PPE
SELF-CHECK 3
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION, RISK
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL
(HIRAC)
HIRAC or the Risk Assessment
Process is the process of
identifying workplace hazards,
evaluating risks to workers’ safety
and health and control the relevant
hazards.
What is a risk assessment?

Risk assessment is a term used to describe the

overall process or method where you:
 Identify hazards and risk factors that have the
potential to cause harm (hazard identification).
 Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that
hazard (risk analysis, and risk evaluation).
 Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the
hazard, or control the risk when the hazard cannot
be eliminated (risk control).
Why is risk assessment important?

Risk assessments are very important as they form an

integral part of an occupational health and safety
management plan. They help to:
 Create awareness of hazards and risk.
 Identify who may be at risk (e.g., employees,
cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public, etc.).
 Determine whether a control program is required
for a particular hazard.
 Determine if existing control measures are
adequate or if more should be done.
 Prevent injuries or illnesses, especially
when done at the design or planning
stage.
 Prioritize hazards and control measures.
 Meet legal requirements where
applicable.
What is the goal of risk assessment?

The goal is to try to answer the following

questions:
[Link] can happen and under what
circumstances?
[Link] are the possible consequences?
[Link] likely [and severe] are the possible
consequences to occur?
[Link] the risk controlled effectively, or is further
action required?
When should a risk assessment be done?

There may be many reasons a risk assessment is

needed, including:
 Before new processes or activities are
introduced.
 Before changes are introduced to existing
processes or activities, including when products,
machinery, tools, equipment change or new
information concerning harm becomes available.
 When hazards are identified.
Risk Assessment Steps
[Link] the hazards
[Link] who might be harmed and how
[Link] the risks and decide on
precautions
[Link] your significant findings
[Link] your assessment and update if
necessary
Hazard Identification

Process of finding and identifying:

- hazardous agents (situations, products
etc.) that could contribute to provoking an
occupational accident or/and disease
- the groups of workers potentially
exposed to these hazards.
Hazards, from where?
A risk assessment must be carried out before young people
start work, covering hazards and risk factors related to:
 Equipment: workplace lay-out, machines, hand tools,
software and hardware, tables or chairs
 Product: dangerous substances, heavy loads and sharp
or warm objects
 Environment: light, noise, climate, vibrations, air
quality or dust
 Organization: tasks, working hours, breaks, shift
systems, training, communication, team work, contact
with visitors, social support or autonomy
 Human: lack of physical or mental capacity, lack of
knowledge or skills, lack of right attitude or behavior
Categories of Hazards

Safety Hazards – something that has potential

to cause injury
 Poor housekeeping
 Fire
 Use of machine
 Material handling
 Electricity
Health Hazards – Any agent or activity posing
potential hazard to health
 Chemical (vapors, mists fumes, gases, dusts)
 Physical (noise, vibration, illumination, extreme
temperature, extreme pressure, radiation)
 Biological (bacteria, viruses, molds, fungi,
protozoa; and insects, parasites, plants, animals
 Ergonomics (improperly designed tools or work
areas, improper lifting or reaching, poor visual
conditions, repeated motion in awkward position
How are hazards identified?
 Walk through/ocular inspection
 Review of Processes involved
 Knowing the raw materials used, products
and by-products
 Gathering workers’ complaints
 Safety data sheet
To be sure that all hazards are found:
 Include non-routine activities such as maintenance, repair, or cleaning.
 Look at accident / incident / near-miss records.
 Include people who work off site either at home, on other job sites,
drivers, teleworkers, with clients, etc.
 Look at the way the work is organized or done (include experience of
people doing the work, systems being used, etc).
 Look at foreseeable unusual conditions (for example: possible impact on
hazard control procedures that may be unavailable in an emergency
situation, power outage, etc.).
 Determine whether a product, machine or equipment can be
intentionally or unintentionally changed (e.g., a safety guard that could
be removed).
 Examine risks to visitors or the public.
Consider the groups of people that may have a different level of risk such
as young or inexperienced workers, persons with disabilities, or new or
EVALUATION OF RISK
How do you know if the hazard will cause harm (poses
a risk)?
Each hazard should be studied to determine its' level of risk.
To research the hazard, you can look at:
•Product information / manufacturer documentation
• Past experience (knowledge from workers, etc.)
•Legislated requirements and/or applicable standards
•Industry codes of practice / best practices
•Health and safety material about the hazard such as safety
data sheets (SDSs), research studies, or other manufacturer
information
 Information from reputable organizations
 Results of testing (atmospheric or air sampling of
workplace, biological swabs, etc.)
 The expertise of an occupational health and safety
professional
 Information about previous injuries, illnesses, near
misses, incident reports, etc.
 Observation of the process or task

(Risk) = (Probability) of event x (Severity) of harm

How are risks ranked or prioritized?
Probability ratings in this
example represent:
 High: likely to be experienced
once or twice a year by an
individual
 Medium: may be experienced
once every five years by an
individual
 Low: may occur once during a
working lifetime
Severity ratings in this
example represent:
 High: major fracture,
poisoning, significant loss
of blood, serious head
injury, or fatal disease
 Medium: sprain, strain,
localized burn, dermatitis,
asthma, injury requiring
days off work
 Low: an injury that
requires first aid only;
short-term pain, irritation,
or dizziness
These risk ratings correspond to recommended actions
such as:
 Immediately dangerous: stop the process and implement
controls
 High risk: investigate the process and implement
controls immediately
 Medium risk: keep the process going; however, a control
plan must be developed and should be implemented as
soon as possible
 Low risk: keep the process going, but monitor regularly.
A control plan should also be investigated
 Very low risk: keep monitoring the process
PROBABILITY Impact
[Link] – unlikely to happen
and/or have minor or negligible [Link] – won’t cause
consequences serious injuries or illnesses
[Link] – possible to happen [Link] – can cause injuries or
and/or to have moderate illnesses, only to a mild extent
consequences [Link] – can cause injuries
[Link] – likely to happen or illnesses that may require
and/or to have serious medical attention but limited
consequences treatment
[Link] – almost sure to happen [Link] – can cause irreversible
and/or to have major injuries or illnesses that require
consequences constant medical attention
[Link] certain – sure to [Link] – can result in fatality
happen and/or have major
consequences
WORKPLACE EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
Definition of Terms

 Emergency – A serious situation or

occurrence that demands immediate
action.

 Disaster – is the result of a calamitous

event causing massive death, injury or
damage.
Natural Emergencies - events that are caused by the forces of
nature.
 Flood
 Volcanic Eruption
 Earthquake
 Typhoon
 Drought
 Tsunami

A natural emergency can happen at any time. Some

emergencies give warning like a storm preceding a flood.
Others, like earthquakes give no warning. Once an emergency
happens, the time to prepare is gone and all you do is cope.
Man-made Emergencies – can be a result of
human error, fatigue, poor housekeeping, poor
maintenance of equipment, lack of adequate
training, or in some cases, a willful intent.
 Industrial Fires
 Chemical Leaks/Spills
 Chemical Threats
 Bomb Threats or Explosions
 Structure Collapse
 Construction Cave-ins
 Biological Threats
Agencies Involved in Dealing with Emergencies
Most developed countries operate three core emergency services:
 Police – who deal with security of person and property, which can
cover all the categories of emergency. They also to some extent deal
with punishment of those who cause an emergency through their
deliberate actions.
 Fire service – who deal with potentially harmful fires, but also often
rescue operations such as dealing with road traffic collisions. Their
actions help to prevent loss of life, damage to health and damage to
or loss of property.
Emergency Medical Service (Ambulance / Paramedic service) – These
services attempt to reduce loss of life or damage to health. This service
is likely to be decisive in attempts to prevent loss of life and damage to
health. In some areas "Emergency Medical Service" is abbreviated to
simply EMS.
Preparing for Common Emergencies
Develop an Emergency Plan
 Identify all exits, stairways and existing floor plans of the
work area. Also identify the location of all fire
extinguishers, pull stations and any other fire adjunct
alarms and fire suppression equipment.
 Be sure that all emergency phone numbers are clearly
listed and are readily available next to telephone.
 Report all potentially hazardous conditions to your
supervisor immediately. Especially focus on conditions or
materials, which, in the event of an emergency, might
block evacuation routes or in some manner further
contribute to the emergency.
 Do not block or wedge any stairwell doors in the open
position at any time.
 Establish a meeting point or safe refuge area away from the
building and other hazards such as overhead power lines.
 Assign someone the responsibility of accounting for all
employees in the event of an emergency.
 Identify First Aid Attendants. Inform and train all personnel
on the established and agreed upon means of reporting a
medical emergency.
 Test your plan to make sure that it works.
In Case of Fire
•Activate appropriate alarms.
•Stay calm and do not panic. Alert others in your
area.
•Evacuate as directed by your supervisor to your
designated evacuation area. Walk, do not run.
Remain in the evacuation area until the supervisor
has accounted for everyone and you have been
instructed otherwise.
•Never use an elevator during a fire. Always use
the stairwell.
 If there is smoke in the room, stay low (the air is cooler and
cleaner closer to the floor); hold a wet clothe over your
mouth and nose; and only break windows as a last resort.
 If a door is hot, do not open it. Use an alternate door if one is
available and safe to use. If an alternate door is not
available, contact someone (if possible) and give them your
exact location.
 Close all doors as you leave. Do not lock them.
 If trained to use a fire extinguisher, and the fire is in the
incipient stage, you may attempt to extinguish the fire.
Remember that your own safety is of primary concern.
 Never attempt to put out a fire alone.
Before an Earthquake
•Store heavy objects near ground or floor.
•Secure tall objects, like bookcases to the wall.
•Learn where your exits, evacuation route, and
meeting places are.
•Keep emergency items, such as a flashlight,
first aid kit and spare clothes in your car or
office.
In Case of Earthquake
•Duck under something sturdy and cover your head.
•Stay away from windows and objects which may fall on you.
•Do not dash for stairway exits. Do not use elevators.
•If you are inside a building, remain inside until directed otherwise.
•Do not be surprised if the electricity goes out. This is common
during an earthquake.
•If an evacuation is necessary, follow the established routes and
procedures.
•If you are outside, stay in an open area, which is clear from
hazards. When the shaking stops, do not re-enter any building.
Workers shall remain in the safe refuge area until they have been
directed by the appropriate authority to leave the safe refuge area
or to return to their workplace.
After an Earthquake

 Be prepared for aftershocks. Do not panic, stay calm.

 Check for injured persons and assist as necessary.
 If indoors, your supervisor may initiate an evacuation.
 Replace the telephone hand set if it has fallen off the
hook. Use telephones for emergency calls only.
In Case of a Chemical Spill
•Stay clear of the spill and warn others in the
immediate area of the emergency and potential
danger.
•If persons are injured, provide first aid if you or
another available individual are trained to do so.
However, do not put yourself at risk.
•Assess the situation and determine if it’s an
emergency. If it is an emergency, then activate
appropriate alarms.
 Get appropriate Safety Data Safety Sheet (SDS)
and have it available for the responders.
 If an evacuation is required, evacuate as directed
by your supervisor to your designated evacuation
area. Walk, do not run. Remain in the evacuation
area until the supervisor has accounted for
everyone and you have been instructed otherwise.
 Do not re-enter the building until the emergency
response team leader has deemed it safe and
supervisory personnel have given permission to go
back into the facility.
In Case of Severe Weather
 Monitor the local government weather service for
announcements including warnings and any other information
provided by officials, such as the appropriate actions in the event
of an emergency.
 Learn the history of flooding in your area. If possible, strive to
know the elevation of your facility in relation to streams, rivers,
and dams.
 Inspect areas in your facility subject to flooding. Identify records
and equipment that can be moved to higher location. Make plans
to move records and equipment in case of flood.
 Identify the community's evacuation routes. Know where to find
higher ground in case of a flood. Be prepared to evacuate to
designated safe areas.
 Keep a portable radio, flashlights, whistle, spare batteries and
If a Flood Occurs
 If you are inside, turn off main electrical power.
 Follow the established evacuation procedures for
the facility. Make plans for assisting employees
who may need transportation.
 If you are outside, never attempt to walk across a
flooded area. The water could sweep you away.
If you are in your car, do not try to drive through
flood waters. If your car stalls in rising water,
abandon it.
Evacuation Drill
Purpose
 To familiarize, train and rehearse the
occupants with evacuation procedures so that
order and control is maintained in actual
emergency.
 To determine if emergency escape facilities
are sufficient for orderly evacuation of all
occupants.
General Evacuation Procedures
 When you hear an alarm, stop work activities and prepare to evacuate
as directed by your supervisor.
 Proceed promptly to the nearest emergency exit. Walk quickly, but do
not run.
 Do not use elevators, instead use stairways to reach ground level.
 Exit the building and proceed directly to the designated safe assembly
area. Safe assembly areas should generally be away from the building,
upwind and out of the way of incoming emergency personnel.
 Remain in the safe assembly area location so that the supervisory
personnel may conduct a survey to account for all building personnel.
Do not disperse or move to other assembly locations.
 Do not re-enter the building until the emergency response team leader
has deemed it safe and supervisory personnel have given permission
to go back into the facility.
Note: During an earthquake, remain in the building until directed to do
otherwise.
SELF-CHECK 4