Statistics
and
Probability
TOPIC : Illustrating a Normal
Random Variable and its
Characteristics
2
Learning
Objectives
1. define a normal random variable;
2. illustrate a normal random
variable and its characteristics; and
3.state and apply the concepts of the
empirical rule or 68% - 95% -
99.7% of the distribution.
3
Normal Probability Distribution
- is a probability distribution of
continuous random variables.
Exam
ples
the height and weight of the students,
the percentile ranks of the A&E
(Accreditation and Equivalency) Test
result of the Alternative Learning
System students, or
any data with infinite values.
Use of Normal Probability Distribution
Describes the characteristics of
populations and help us visualize
the inferences we make about the
population.
Determine the probabilities and
percentile of the continuous
random variables in the
Properties of Normal Curve
1. The normal curve is bell-
shaped. 𝟏 − (
𝟏 𝒙 −𝝁
𝟐 𝝈 𝟐 )
𝒇 ( 𝒙)= ∙𝒆
𝝈 √𝟐 𝝅
𝝁 𝒙
𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 6
𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒆
Properties of Normal Curve
2. The curve is symmetrical about its
center.
𝟎.𝟓 𝟎.𝟓
𝒙
𝝁 7
Properties of Normal Curve
3. The total area under a normal
curve is 1. 1
𝟎.𝟓 𝟎.𝟓
𝒙
𝝁 8
Properties of Normal Curve
4. The width of the curve is determined by
the standard deviation of the distribution.
3 standard deviation
2 standard deviation
1 standard
dev.
𝒙
𝝁 −𝟑𝝁 𝝈−𝟏𝝁
𝝈−𝟐𝝁 𝝈 𝝁 +𝟏𝝁
𝝈+𝟐 𝝁
𝝈+𝟑 𝝈 9
Properties of Normal Curve
5. The tails of the curve are plotted in both
directions and flatten out indefinitely along
the horizontal axis. The tails are thus
asymptotic to the baseline.
10
Standard Normal
Distribution
11
Standard Normal Distribution
A normally distributed random
variable with a mean and standard
deviation
X
𝝁 12
Check your
Understanding!
TRUE or
FALSE
1. The total area of the normal
curve is 1.
2. Normal probability
distribution is used to
determine the probabilities of
TRUE or
FALSE
3. The mean, median and mode in a
normal distribution have the same
value.
4. The distance of the number in the
horizontal line or the x-axis should
always proportional.
TRUE or
FALSE
5. The standard normal
probability distribution has a
mean and standard deviation .
Comparing Two
Distribution based on
Parameters
17
1. ;
The curves
have similar
shape but
centered at
different
points.
The mean are not equal,
but the standard 18
deviations are equal.
2. ; the curves are
centered at
the same
point but they
have different
height and
spreads.
The mean are equal, but
the standard deviations 19
are not equal.
3. ; the curves are
centered at
different
points and
vary in
shapes.
The Means are different and
the 20
Standard Deviations are also
EMPIRICAL RULE
21
EMPIRICAL RULE or 68% - 95% -
99.70%lies
The data in the distribution rule.
within one, two,
and three of the standard deviation from the
mean are approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.70%,
respectively.
99.70%
95%
68%
75 7 8 8 9 9 9
22
EMPIRICAL RULE or 68% - 95% -
99.70% rule.
23
Example The distribution of the grades
1 the Senior High School students in Stats &
of
Prob. for the Third Quarter.
99.70%
95%
68%
Grades 75 7 8 8 9 9 9 24
9 3 7 1 5 9
Example 2
The scores of the Senior High School
students in their Statistics and Probability
quarterly examination are normally
distributed with a mean of 35 and a
standard deviation of 5.
1) What percent of the scores are between 30
to 40?
25
2) What scores fall within 95% of the
Example 3
The district nurse of Candelaria
East needs to measure the BMI (Body
Mass Index) of the Alternative Learning
System students. She found out that the
heights of male students are normally
distributed with a mean of 160 cm and a
standard deviation of 7 cm.
Find the percentage of male 26
students whose height is within 153
Thank
you!
Activity
Use Empirical rule to complete the following
table. Write the range or interval of the scores
based
Mean on the
SD given parameters.
68% 95% 99.7%
Example 50 3 47 to 44 to 41 to
53 56 59
1 135 28
2 87 5.5
3 213 15
4 567 20
5 785 29
The government launched Enhanced
Community Quarantine on March 15, 2020,
as a preventive measure to fight the spread
of COVID-19 in the country. Many of us
experienced difficulties in getting our daily
needs like food or getting money to pay for
our bills and rentals. Our government gave
financial support and food, but it is not
enough for the people. Fortunately, we are
blessed because the spirit of love and 30
generosity is still present in the heart of our
Suppose you and your friends conducted a
donation-drive in your barangay. Each of the
donors gave a certain amount with an
average of Php 320.00 and a standard
deviation of Php 60.00. Assuming, it is
normally distributed,
1. What percentage of the distribution that the
amount falls between Php. 260.00 and Php
380.00?
2. How much of the donations fall in 95% of the
distributions? 31
3. How much of the donations fall in 99.70% of
