CHAPTER 2
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Mathematical
Language and
Symbols
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ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH
REBUS PUZZLE?
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ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH
REBUS PUZZLE?
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Guess the
words and
expressions
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Guess the
words and
expressions
“Potatoes”
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words and
expressions
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words and
expressions
“Foreign Language”
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words and
expressions
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words and
expressions
“Miss you/Missing you”
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words and
expressions
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words and
expressions
“Headquarters”
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words and
expressions
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words and
expressions
“Shorten”
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words and
expressions
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words and
expressions
“No one to call”
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words and
expressions
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words and
expressions
“Fortunate”
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words and
expressions
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words and
expressions
“Apple pie”
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words and
expressions
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words and
expressions
“Everything’s all right”
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words and
expressions
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words and
expressions
“Wake up”
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Did you know that
mathematics is a language
itself?
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LANGUAGE
Language is a system of communication
consisting of sounds, words, and grammar. It is a
system communication used by people living in a
particular country.
- Cambridge English Dictionary
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MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
The language of mathematics, like any other
language, can be learned; once learned, it allows
us to see fascinating things and provides us an
advantage to comprehend and exploit the beauty
of beneath and beyond.
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CONTENTS
2.1 Characteristics of mathematical language
2.2 Expressions vs. Sentences
2.3 Conventions in the mathematical language
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CHARACTERISTICS OF
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
The language of mathematics makes it easy to express
the kinds of thoughts that mathematicians like to express.
It is:
precise (able to make very fine distinctions);
concise (able to say things briefly);
powerful (able to express complex thoughts with
relative ease).
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES
In English, nouns are used to name things we want to
talk about (like people, places, and things); whereas
sentences are used to state complete thoughts.
A typical English sentence has at least one noun, and at
least one verb. For example, consider the sentence
Carol loves mathematics.
Here, ‘Carol’ and ‘mathematics’ are nouns; ‘loves’ is a
verb.
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES
The mathematical analogue of a ‘noun’ is called an
EXPRESSION.
An expression is a name given to a mathematical
object of interest.
The mathematical analogue of a ‘sentence’ is called a
SENTENCE.
A mathematical sentence, just as an English sentence,
must state a complete thought.
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES
Examples:
5, 2 + 3, ½
3+4=7
1+1=2
2–2=0
In the mathematical sentence ‘ 3 + 4 = 7 ’, the verb is ‘ = ’.
The symbol ‘+’ is a connective.
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES
Examples:
5, 2 + 3, ½ EXPRESSION
3+4=7
1+1=2 SENTENCE
2–2=0
In the mathematical sentence ‘ 3 + 4 = 7 ’, the verb is ‘ = ’.
The symbol ‘+’ is a connective.
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES
Sentences can be true or false.
The notion of truth (i.e., the property of being true or
false) is of fundamental importance in the mathematical
language.
Examples:
11 + 9 = 20
2 + 10 ≠ 12
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EXPRESSIONS VS. SENTENCES
Sentences can be true or false.
The notion of truth (i.e., the property of being true or
false) is of fundamental importance in the mathematical
language.
Examples:
11 + 9 = 20 TRUE
2 + 10 ≠ 12 FALSE
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CONVENTIONS IN MATHEMATICAL
LANGUAGE
Mathematical convention is fact, name, notation, or
usage which is generally agreed upon by
mathematicians.
Examples:
Capital letters are used to name a set and label vertices
of a polygon.
The fact that one evaluates multiplication before addition
in the expression. (PEMDAS rule)
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
a.) Sets and Logic
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
a.) Sets and Logic
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
a.) Sets and Logic
2
𝐴=𝜋 𝑟
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
a.) Sets and Logic
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
b.) Basic Operations and Relational Symbols
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
b.) Basic Operations and Relational Symbols
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
b.) Basic Operations and Relational Symbols
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Conventions in mathematics, commonly
used symbols, its meaning and examples
c.) Set of Numbers
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TEST YOURSELF
Let x be the number, translate each phrase or sentence
into a mathematical expression or equation.
1.) Eight minus a number
2.) Twelve more than a number
3.) Two ninths of a number is eleven.
4.) Three more than seven times a number is nine more
than five times a number.
5.) Twice a number less eight is equal to one more than
three times the number.
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TEST YOURSELF
Let x be the number, translate each phrase or sentence
into a mathematical expression or equation.
1.) Eight minus a number 8-x
2.) Twelve more than a number x + 12
3.) Two ninths of a number is eleven. x = 11
4.) Three more than seven times a number is nine more
than five times a number. 7x + 3 = 5x + 9
5.) Twice a number less eight is equal to one more than
three times the number. 2x – 8 = 3x + 1
