WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM?
• An Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve problems. A guide
for installing new software, a manual for assembling appliances, and
even recipes are examples of an algorithim.
WHAT IS PSEUDO CODE?
• Description of an algorithm or a computer program using natural
language. Because the aim of pseudocode is to make reading program
easier.
Example:
If student’s grade is greater than or equeal to 60
Print “Passed”
else
Print “Failed”
WHAT IS FLOWCHART?
• It is also a description of an algorithm. The difference is that flowchart
is a graphical representation of it.
• It consist of 7 standard symbols:
Example
A teacher would like to create a program that will classify if a student’s
grade must be marked Passed or Failed. Any grades lower than 60 is
considered failed.
Pseudocode
If student’s grade is greater than or equeal to 60
Print “Passed”
else
Print “Failed”
Flowchart
Pseudocode and Flowchart Creation
Write a program that converts the input dollar to its peso exchange rate
equivalent. Assume that the present exchange rate is 51.50 pesos
against the dollar. Then display the peso equivalent exchange rate.
Relationship of Flowcharts and Pseudo Codes in Planning
Identifying System Specification and Requirements
• The needed description of the system or application is acquired.
Purpose, system and user interface, database requirements, quality
standards, operations, overview of the whole application and other
requirements needed for project development is defined.
Creating the Applicable Diagram Based on the
Acquired Requirement
• The substage is all about creating flowcharts and pseudocodes based
on the requirements acquired from the previous substage.
Obtaining Design Documentation
• Written description of the overall design or architecture of the system
to be made.
• Four Parts:
1. Responsibility-driven Design – describes the role of each object in the user
interface and the information they share.
2. Architectural Design – establishes the input and output flow of the
program.
3. User-interface Design – focuses on user’s interaction towards GUI
4. Procedural Design – lets the programmers se the proposed system’s
flowchart or pseudocode and translate them into code.
Selecting the Design Approach to Be Followed in
Coding
• Structured Programming – Standard design approach which indicates
that program instructions must be coded following the order of their
implementation in the system itself.
• Structured Design – Standard design approach that focuses on
dividing programs and subprogram’s task, and then later on combined
as a whole.
Data Type
• Description of a specific data that can be stored in a variable.
1. Boolean – can only contain two values, true or false.
2. Byte – used if you want to store binary data.
3. Char – used to hold a single character.
4. Date – data type that holds date values, time values or combination of both.
5. Double – data type that can hold even the smallest and the largest
approximation of a real number.
6. Integer – holds only whole number.
7. Long – data types used to hold larger integer numbers.
8. Short – used to contain lesser value of whole number
9. String – data type used to hold set or multiple of characters, like words and
sentences.
Questions
• How can an algorithm help in making an efficient program?
• Why do you think a programmer must create a pseudocode or a
flowchart first?
QUIZ
True or False
1. Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure in solving a problem
2. The aim of pseudocode is to make programming easier by using
symbols.
3. Flowchart consist of 6 standard symbols namely: Terminator,
Process, Decision, Connector, Input/Output operation, and
alteration.
Selection
1. Data type used to hold set or multiple of characters, like words and
sentences.
2. Can only contain two values, true or false.
3. Used to hold a single character.
4. Data type that can hold even the smallest and the largest
approximation of a real number.
5. Data type that holds date values, time values or combination of
both.
