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Blackbody Radiation

The document discusses black body radiation, defining a black body as a surface that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation. It covers key laws related to black body radiation, including Wien's Law, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Rayleigh-Jeans Law, and Planck's Wavelength Distribution Function. The document highlights the theoretical significance of black body radiation and the discrepancies in classical theories.

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261 views9 pages

Blackbody Radiation

The document discusses black body radiation, defining a black body as a surface that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation. It covers key laws related to black body radiation, including Wien's Law, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Rayleigh-Jeans Law, and Planck's Wavelength Distribution Function. The document highlights the theoretical significance of black body radiation and the discrepancies in classical theories.

Uploaded by

ssen90892
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BLACK BODY

RADIATION
NAME : SOUMALYA SEN
BATCH : 1ST YEAR
STREAM : CSE
SECTION : C
ROLL NUMBER : 139

DR. SUDHIR CHANDRA SUR INSTITUTE OF


TECHNOLOGY AND SPORTS COMPLEX
WHAT IS BLACKBODY ?
• The Black body is defined as a surface
that absorbs all
the radiant light or energy that falls on it.
• We can also say that anybody that absorbs
all the
electromagnetic radiation irrespective of
the angle of
incidence and the frequency of radiation is
called a
Black body.
BLACKBODY RADIATION
• When matter is heated, it emits
radiation.
• A blackbody is a cavity in a material
that only emits thermal radiation.
Incoming radiation is absorbed in the
cavity.

Blackbody radiation is theoretically


interesting because the radiation
properties of the blackbody are
independent of the particular material.
Physicists can study the properties of
WEIN’S LAW
• λmaxT = 2.898 x 10-3 m.K
• λmax is the wavelength at which
the curve peaks
• T is the absolute temperature
• The wavelength is inversely
proportional to the absolute
temperature
• As the temperature increases,
the peak is "displaced" to
shorter wavelengths
Stefan-Boltzmann law
The total power radiated increases with
the temperature:

• This is known as the Stefan-Boltzmann


law, with the constant Ϭ experimentally
measured to be 5.6705 × 10-8 W /(m²K ).
4
The emissivity € (€ = 1 for an idealized
blackbody) is simply the ratio of the
emissive power of an object to that of an
ideal blackbody and is always less than 1.
RAYLEIGH-JEANS LAW
• An early classical attempt to explain
blackbody radiation was the
Rayleigh- Jeans law

• At long wavelengths,
the law matched
experimental results
fairly well
• At short wavelengths, there was a major
disagreement between the Rayleigh-
Jeans law and experiment This mismatch
became known as the ultraviolet
catastrophe .

You would have infinite energy as the


wavelength approaches zero
PLANK’S WAVELENGTH DISTRIBUTION
FUNCTION
Planck generated a theoretical expression for the
wavelength distribution

-34

• h = 6.626 x 10 J.s
• h is a fundamental constant of nature

At long wavelengths, Planck's equation reduces to the


Rayleigh-Jeans expression At short wavelengths, it
predicts an exponential decrease in intensity with
decreasing wavelength
BLACKBODY RADIATION LAWS

Comparison of Rayleigh-Jeans law with Wien's law and Planck's law, for a body of 8
mK temperature
THANK
YOU

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