Major Health Issues in India 2025
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Sonali GuptaMajor Health Issues in India 2025
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Sonali GuptaCOMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
SONALI GUPTA
HEALTH PROBLEMS (PROFILE) OF
INDIA
2025 India is suffering from various disease
Presently India is in a state of transition- economically,
demographically and epidemiologically. In terms of health India is
suffering from triple Burdens of diseases. First challenge of
noncommunicable disease due to increase of sedentary life style
changes, unfinished agenda of communicable diseases and emerge of
new pathogens causing epidemics and pandemics.
1. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
2. Stroke
3. Respiratory Diseases
4. Tuberculosis (TB)
5. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
6. Diabetes
7. Alzheimer’s
8. Diarrhoea
9. Malignant Tumour's
10. Covid-19
Cardiovascular Disease
This disease most commonly occurs in India.
These are basically heart related disease which
affects heart and cause death across the country.
Signs
Pain in the chest
Shortness of breath
Numbness in arms and legs
Discomfort in the chest
Pain in other parts of the body such as the neck, back,
jaw, throat as well as upper abdomen, etc.
Causes
High intake of tobacco
Not having enough physical activity
Improper and meager diet
Hereditary reasons
Existing diseases like high BP or cholesterol
Being overweight
People with a family history of such diseases.
Prevention
By staying active physically
By getting regular exercise
By watching over your weight regularly
By curbing the habit of smoking
By keeping a check on your BP and Cholesterol
By eating healthy food consisting of fiber, potassium, magnesium, etc.
Stroke
Stroke occurs when there is blockage of artery in brain and is one of the leading
causes of death in India.
Signs and Symptoms
Numbness in arm, leg, or face
Extreme headache
Having difficulty in vision (of one eye or both eyes)
Difficulty in walking
Trouble in speaking.
Causes
Stroke is common among people with high BP a cholesterol People with Diabetes
Among people who are chain smokers
People with brain Hemorrhage
Prevention
The first thing required is to quit smoking
Keep blood pressure under control
Follow healthy lifestyle
Get regular exercise
Restrict the consumption of alcohol
Consume food with high fiber and low fat.
Respiratory Disease
Respiratory infections are also leading cause of death in L every year.
Respiratory disease such as pneumonia, se bronchitis, etc.
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Cough
Congestion of the nose
Sneezing and runny nose
Shortness of breath that lasts weeks
Sore throat.
Causes
Extreme exposure to toxic substances
Low immune system
Smoking.
Dust and air pollution
Prevention
Give up smoking
Regular exercise
Being active
Using masks
Avoid breathing polluted air
Eat a protein-rich diet.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is one of the infectious diseases which are ca by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, It basically affects lungs and can
also affect the other parts of the body and is threatening disease although
it is a curable disease
Signs
Fatigue
Blood in cough
Fever and chills
Sweats at night
No or less appetite
Weight loss without reason.
Causes
Weak immunity
Living in areas that cause conditions for such disease
Coughing and sneezing of infected people
Prevention
Keep away from close contact with infected people
Getting Vaccinated
Eating healthy food.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
COPD is also one of the most common diseases in India is type of lung disease
which cause difficult breathing C is a group of disease which cause blockage in
airflow breathing related problems. It will further include emphysema and chronic
bronchitis.
Signs and Symptoms
Wheezing
Not energetic at all
Tightness in chest
Frequent infections of the respiratory system
Swelling in legs, feet, etc.
Short breath.
Causes
Due to Smoking
Via chemical fumes
Hereditary reasons
History of such infection during childhood.
Prevention
Avoid smoking
Keep a check on family history of such diseases
Avoid dust, fumes, etc. at home or at the office
Stay away from air pollution.
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic disease, in this disorder the body
does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin which leads to
abnormally high blood glucose level.
Diabetes is of two types i.e. type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes
mellitus.
Signs and Symptoms
Hunger of extreme level
Weight loss without reason
Fatigue
Thirsty all the time
Urinating frequently.
Causes
Unhealthy eating habits
Not exercising
regularly High B.P.
Obesity.
Prevention
Regular exercise
Avoiding inactive lifestyle
Eating nutritious food
Avoid smoking
Eating fiber-rich diet and cutting sugar
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is a disease of brain which is related to lo of
memory and will further interrupts reasoning, thinking skills and
eventually the ability to carry out simplest task.
Signs and Symptoms
Difficulty in doing work’
Difficulty in doing work
Forgetting things
Misplacing articles
Problem with speaking, writing
Poor judgment.
Causes
History in the family
Old age
Unhealthy lifestyle
Inherited from family
Any head trauma.
Prevention
Eating heart-healthy diet
Avoiding fatty food items
Quit smoking
Controlling risk factors.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is not a disease it is a symptom where individual passes loose
stool for more than three times a day which results in loss of water, salt
and electrolytes in body which further dehydrates the body.
Signs and Symptoms
Loose stool and mucus in stool
Bloating and nausea
Abdominal cramps
Blood in the stool
Uncontrolled bowel urge.
Causes
Not using clean water
Poor sanitation
Malnourishment
Weak immunity.
Prevention
Avoid drinking alcohol
Regular washing of hands
Maintaining hygiene
Avoiding the use of Aspirin, steroids, etc.
Malignant tumors
Malignant tumors are the cancerous cells that will grow uncontrollably
and will further spread cancerous cells throughout one's body through
blood or lymphatic system to make it life threatening. This total process
is known as metastasis where cancer will start spreading from one organ
to another organ. This is one of the deadliest diseases not only in India
but it also seen across the world.
Signs and Symptoms
No symptoms in the early stages or maybe a painless lump
Causes
Exposure to ionizing radiation
Genetically spread
Presence of pathogens
Exposure to toxic substances.
Prevention
Avoid consuming tobacco
Eat healthy diet
Getting immunization regularly
Maintaining weight.
Covid-19
Recently Covid-19 is one of the globally deadly diseases. Covid-19 originates in
China. Covid-19 is defined as corona virus disease-2019.
The causative organism of this disease is SARS Cov-2 Le. severe acute respiratory
syndrome corona virus 2. The first case of covid-19 was seen in Wuhan. China on
1st dec. 2029.
Then China authority in found WHO office, China that they were having many
cases of pneumonia with unknown etiology on 31st dec. 2019. In India Ist case of
covid was seen on 30th jan, 2020 in Kerela, Thrissur distt.
WHO declared covid-19 as pandemic on 11 March 2020. Then in India Janta
Curfew was announced on 22 March 2020.
First lock down in India was started on 25th March till 14 April after that 2nd
lockdown starts from 13th April to 3 May and then it is extended upto 17th May
2020.
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Cough
Tiredness
Loss of taste or smell
Sore throat
Runny nose.
Difficulty in breathing
Chills muscle aches
Chest pain
Pink eye
Causes
COVID-19 is caused by the infection with the new Coronavirus and spreads from
person to person.
Coughs, sneezes, breath etc. are some ways it spreads. It can also spread via
touching inhaling the droplets in the air, etc.
Prevention
Avoid close contact with the sick
Maintain safe distance
Maintain regular washing of hand
Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer
Use a mask to cover your face when leaving out of house
Avoid touching eyes, and nose with dirty hands
Stay home as much as possible.
Communicable Diseases
Communicable disease is always burden and an major issue India. Many
diseases such as small pox, polio and tetanus hay been eradicated. But
these programs are not sufficient. Mas diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis
(TB) malaria are still major issue in India.
Vector Borne
Vector Borne diseases such as dengue and acute encephali syndrome are
still the concern. Antimicrobial resistance is of of the biggest Health
challenge.
Noncommunicable Diseases
Noncommunicable Diseases
Noncommunicable diseases are increased day by day. become a major
issue in India. The sedentary life style the people increase the risk of
noncommunicable disease Noncommunicable disease contributes 60%
of total death Mainly four diseases, Cardiovascular disease, Chroni
Pulmonary diseases, Cancer and diabetes contribute 80% of al deaths
due to NCDs.
Maternal Mortality Rate
Maternal Mortality is defined as death of Mothers due to pregnancy and
child births within 42 days of formation o pregnancy of the duration and
site of pregnancy. Maternal Mortality rate is still high. According to World
Health Organization statistics 2015 Global average is 33.6 per 1000 live
Birth. The Sustainable development goal for Maternal Mortality is by
2030 reduces the global Maternal Mortality ratio to less than 70 per
100,000 live Birth.
Infant Mortality Rate
Infant Mortality Rate
Death of a child with in 1st year of his/her life is known as infant
Mortality rate. According to sample registration system (SRS) report of
October 2015 the IMR is low, i.e., 40 per 1000 live Births. The rate is
declining but still slow in comparison of another Southern Country.
Environmental Health
Environmental Health
Environmental health is becoming a major issue in India. Pollution is
high in many parts of the Country. Many pollutions like air pollution
water Pollution and Industrial pollution become an issue. Cities life Delhi,
Mumbai ranked highest in air pollution.
Due to industrial waste, water pollution increase and diseases like
hepatitis, diarrhea and typhoid are caused by water pollution.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition
A significant health challenge in India is Malnutrition. In India higher
prevalence of under nourishment and micronutrient deficiencies.
Occur According to National family Health Survey 38.4% of children
under five years age in India are stunted and 21% are wasted.
Government has launched many programs like National Nutrition
Mission which aims to improve the Nutritional Status of
Women and Children.
