Mathematical System in Geometry
Axiomatic System (Postulate System)
It is a system made up of undefined terms, defined terms,
axioms/postulates, and theorems which are used in proving
logical conclusions in geometry.
Undefined terms
Defined terms
Axioms/Postulates
Theorems
Undefined Terms
are terms that cannot be defined because they can only be
described or illustrated.
The three undefined terms are point, line, and plane.
Defined Terms
are terms with precise and concise definition.
A definition is a precise statement or description of the
meaning of a term or word so that anyone using it will
understand it in the same way.
Parallel lines Supplementary angles
Angle
Adjacent angle Midpoint
Linear pair
Axioms/ Postulate
are statements accepted to be true without proof.
Postulates are statements from geometry while axioms are
statements from other sections of mathematics.
Postulate
Axioms
- Line postulate - Properties of
- Plane postulate Equalities
- Angle addition postulate - Properties of
Congruence
Theorems
are statements that are proven to be true using definitions,
axioms/postulates, and derived using reasoning.
Proof - a sequence of true facts that are arranged in a logical
order.
- Linear Pair Theorem
- Line –Point –Plane Theorem
- Vertical Angles Theorem
Undefined Terms in Geometry
Point
Is the most fundamental object in geometry.
It has no length or width, but it indicates a position or
location.
It is represented by a dot and named by a capital letter.
A B C
POINT A POINT B POINT C
Undefined Terms in Geometry
Line
It has infinite length, no width, nor thickness. It extends
infinitely in two opposite directions. It is represented by a
straight line with two arrowheads.
A line is named by two of its points with a symbol
written in top of two letters.
A line may also be named by one small letter or a number. A
line has its parts or subsets.
a Line a
A A Line AB B
AB
Undefined Terms in Geometry
Subsets of a Line
Ray is a part of a line that starts at one point and extends
infinitely in a set direction.
Line segment is a part of a line that made up of two
endpoints.
A B C AB
AC AC
BC BC
Undefined Terms in Geometry
Plane
It is a flat surface extending infinitely in all directions.
A plane has infinite length, infinite width but has no
thickness. It is usually represented in drawings by a four-
sided figure.
To name a plane you can use a capital letter written at the
corner or using three noncollinear points in it.
A P
Plane ABC
C
A B Plane P
Undefined Terms in Geometry
LET’s TRY!
Name the given line in different ways. Identify and name its rays
and segments.
P Q R S
Undefined Terms in Geometry
Name the given plane in different ways.
D l
G
O
Undefined Terms in Geometry
Draw and label a figure for each condition.
Point O lies on GD
Line m contains F and E but does not contain N.
Undefined Terms in Geometry
Name the given lines in different ways.
C A T
Construct the following:
Line z intersecting EX at M.
Point W lies on EX.
