HEALTH 9

(3RD QUARTER)

UNINTENTIONAL
INJURY,
PREVENTION, AND
SAFETY FIRST AID
dangers to everyone.
Nowhere is a place safe;
not even the comfort of
our homes. Accidents
may happen at any place,
anytime to anybody. Thus,
taking the right safety
measures greatly helps to
prevent accidents and
injuries.
What is first
aid based
on the
pictures?
 First aid is an immediate
and temporary care given
What to a person who suddenly
gets ill or injured.
is first It includes self-help and
aid? home care if medical
assistance is not
available or delayed
 [Link] save lives
Roles of
[Link] prolong life
First Aid [Link] alleviate
Objectives
of First Aid suffering
[Link] prevent
further injury
What are the
characteristi
cs of a good
first aider?
Gentle
Observant
Resourceful
Tactful
sympathetic
 Primary survey of the
TWO WAYS
TO CONDUCT victim is used when the
PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION
victim is unconscious
WHEN and to find out and
GIVING FIRST
AID
immediately treat life
threatening conditions.
[Link] for
Consciousness
[Link] the Airway
 Secondary survey is used
TWO WAYS
TO CONDUCT when the victim is
PHYSICAL conscious or has revived.
EXAMINATION
WHEN
It aims to detect
GIVING FIRST everything about the
AID patient’s condition.
a. History Taking
b. Head to Toe Examination
c. Temperature
d. Respiration
 S
A
M
SECONDAR P
Y SURVEY L
E
(HISTORY
TAKING) P
A
I
N
Directions: Demonstrate
the two ways to conduct a
physical examination by
assessing the following
situations: Write PS if the
given statement is related
to the primary survey and
SS if it is a secondary
survey.
1. Make sure the airway is clear of
obstructions. Then, open the airway by
tilting the head back.

2. If the patient is not responsive and not

breathing (or not breathing normally),
immediately commence cardiopulmonary
resuscitation.
3. Check the ears for blood, fluid, or
bruising.

4. Ask the patient what medical conditions

they have.

5. Find out what the patient was doing

when the pain started.
In order to prevent or reduce the risks
of these serious injuries, you will learn
the concepts and principles of safety
education, practice the habits of
observing appropriate personal safety
measures; and take responsibility for
your safety and that of others by
performing appropriate skills and
knowledge in first aid procedure.
1. Your
mother
accidentally
cuts her
finger with a
knife.
2. During the
rigid training
in basketball,
one of the
players got an
ankle sprain.
Dressing ➢ It is a piece of
sterile cloth that
covers a wound to
prevent infection
and/or to stop
bleeding.
 1. Wash hands and wear gloves, if possible.
2. Unwrap the dressing as close to the wound
as possible. Be sure not to touch the
wound.
3. Skin is not sterile. If the dressing slips over
Techniques the victim’s skin while you are trying to
position it, discard and use a fresh one.
in Applying 4. Place the dressing over the wound.
a Dressing 5. Use a dressing that is large enough to
extend at least 1 inch beyond the edges of
the wound.
6. If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover
the wound with a dressing that will stick.
7. Then secure the dressing with a bandage
or adhesive tape.
 Cold ➢ It is used to reduce
Compress swelling and relieve
pain, especially used
for sprains and strains.
➢ Cold packs can be
used as cold
compress.
 Hot ➢It is also used to
Compress allow normal blood
circulation.
➢Cold and hot
compress are applied
alternately for closed
wounds or contusions.
Bandages ➢ These are used to
apply pressure to
bleeding; for covering
wounds and burns; and
providing support for
immobilization for
broken bones, sprains
and strains.
 There are Triangular
three main bandage is made
types of from cloth and
bandages can be used as
namely: cold compress,
triangular, padding, support
ace and for pressure, or
tubular. support sling.
 There are Ace
three main
types of bandage
bandages secures
namely: dressings
triangular,
ace and in place.
tubular.
 Tubular bandage is
There are used to support
three main joints or hold
types of dressings in place.
bandages
namely: Smaller tubular
triangular, bandage is used for
ace and finger injuries.
tubular.
 An open phase
Two bandaging is used
Phases for wounds on top
of and back of the
Bandaging head, chest, back,
hand, and foot, and
as arm sling.
 Cravat phase bandaging is
used for wounds that
Two need extra support like
wound on the eye,
Phases
forehead, ear, cheek, jaw,
of shoulder, hip, arm, leg,
Bandaging elbow, knee, and palm
and for a sprained ankle.
The narrower the cravat
is, the greater pressure it
 1. Keep in mind the following:
a. Always use a square knot.
b. Keep the cloth sterile to avoid infection. c. Always
keep the ends.
2. Bandaging technique depends upon the size and
location of the wound, your first aid skills, and materials
at hand.
Phases of 3. Bandage firmly over bleeding and securely over the

Bandaging broken bone, not so tight so as not to cut off blood

circulation.
4. When wrapping bandages around the body, such as
knees, ankles, neck, and small back, use its natural
hollows to slide the bandage gently into place.
5. Since most injuries swell, check regularly to ensure
that the bandage is still comfortable and that it remains
firmly secured.
6. Secure the bandage with a tape, clips or a bow or
square knot. Ensure that the bandages, especially the
How to
do a
square
knot?
Right over left
and left over
right
 ➢ A wound is a break in the
continuity of a tissue in the
body.
➢ It may be closed in which
Wounds there is no break or
damage in the skin.

➢ A wound may also be an

open wound in which there
is a break in the skin.
 Piercing
wound
Puncture caused by
nails,
needles, and
other
pointed
 Caused by
rubbing or
Abrasion scraping the
skin against
a rough
surface.
 Cut caused
by knife,
Incision broken
glass, or
any sharp
object.
 A blunt
breaking or
tearing of soft
Laceration tissues
usually
resulting from
mishandling
tools and
other
 Forcible
tearing or
Avulsion partial
tearing
away of
tissues.
How to
Manage
Wounds:
 S
A
M
SECONDAR P
Y SURVEY L
E
(HISTORY
TAKING) P
A
I
N
 First Aid for 1. Wear gloves and remove or cut
Open Wounds
with Severe clothing as necessary to expose
Bleeding wound.
(Principle of 2. Control bleeding by applying
wound direct pressure.
dressing) 3. Elevate the injured part above the
heart except for eye injury and
wounds with
embedded object.
4. Cover wound with sterile dressing
and bandage.
5. Care for shock.
 All dermal wounds heal by three basic
mechanisms:
1. Contraction
Principl 2. Connective tissue matrix
es deposition
3. Epithelialization-
of
wound Wounds that remain open heal by
healing contraction; the interaction between
cells and matrix results in
movement of tissue toward the
center of the wound.
Principl 1. Absorb wound drainage
es 2. Provide temporary
protective physical barrier
of 3. Provide the moisture
wound necessary to optimize re-
dressin epithelialization.
g
 Learner’s Mechanisms of
Vascular Disease: A
Material Reference Book for
Pages: Vascular Specialists
Physical  https://
[Link].
Resources: Education gov/books/
and Health NBK534261/
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9 pp. 320- alization,the
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