INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
SOA DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY
COURSE NAME -Practical Crop Production-I (Kharif Crops)
COURSE CODE - AG-311
SPEAKERS: Abinash Biswal(2141901033)
Aman reet Sahoo(2141901034)
Suman Saurava Nayak(2141901035)
Suman Sourav Panda(2141901036)
CROP DETAILS
Crop name: Rice
Scientific name: Oryza sativa L.
Family: Poaceae
Chromosome no: 2n= 24
Origin: South East Asia
Variety: Sahbhagi (110-120 days)
Seed Rate: 40kg/ha (80g/20m2)
Date of sowing: 13/06/2023
Date of transplanting: 11/07/2023
Spacing: 20cm x 10cm
Plot size: 5 m × 4m (20 m2)
Plot no: A 45
Recommended Fertilizer Dose: 80-40-40 kg/ha (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)
INTRODUCTION
• Rice is the world’s leading food crop, cultivated over an area of about 155 million hectares with a
production of about 596 million tonnes .
• Among the rice growing countries, India has the largest area (44.8 million hectares) followed by
China and Indonesia.
• In respect of production, India ranks second with 131 million tonnes of paddy next to China (200
million tonnes of paddy).
• In India, rice is grown in almost all the states. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh and West Bengal lead in the area.
• West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh have the highest rice production.
• West Bengal ranks 1st in area and production. The average yield per hectare (productivity) is
highest in Punjab (3346 kg/ha).
• As per available statistics of 2020-21, Odisha produces 9% of total rice in India and 4.22% of total
food-grain productions of the country.
• The variety we have grown is Sahbhagi which is a conventionally bred, drought tolerant variety
initiated at IRRI in 1997, by French rice breeder Brigitte Courtis under the Upland Rice
Consotium (URRC).
• Moreover this variety has a higher straw yield, both in terms of quality and quantity.
LAND PREPARATION
• Two ploughings were done to prepare the land with power tillers.
• 4 baskets of FYM (20kg) was incorporated in our plot.(20m 2)
• Proper bunding is done to conserve and retain water.
• Then the field is ploughed by filling water and puddling is done before transplanting.
• Levelling was done to obtain uniform bed.
Powertiller Ploughing Levelling
SOWING DETAILS
Nursery bed of 0.5m x 0.15m was prepared.
The seeds were broadcasted in nursery 28 days before transplanting.
• Date of sowing : 13/06/2023
• Depth of sowing: 3cm
• Seed treatment : Carbendazim (Bavistin) @ 2gm/kg.
• Spacing: 20cm x 10cm
28 days after sowing, the seedlings were transplanted to the main field.
The seedlings were transplanted maintaining proper spacing.
3 seedlings were transplanted per hill for better yield.
SEED RATE CALCULATION
Recommended seed rate = 40kg/ha
For 1ha 40kg
10000m2 40kg= 40000gm
1m2 40000/10000= 4gm
For 20m2 4x20= 80gm
Seed rate required for 20m2 plot= 80gm/20m2
Nutrient management
• Recommended dose of FYM per hectare of land is 10 tonne / ha.
• 4 baskets (20kg) of FYM was applied to our plot (20m 2).
• Recommended dose of N: P2O5:K2O = [Link] kg/ha of land.
• Fertilizer required for 20 m2 = 347g N : 500g P2O5: 133g K2O
• Nitrogen is given in 3 split doses as follows:
50%- during transplanting.
25%- 21 Days after transplanting.
25%-during panicle initiation.
• Total dose of phosphorous and potassium was given as basal dose.
• Source of Nitrogen= Urea
• Source of Phosphorus= SSP (Single super phosphate).
• Source of Potassium= MOP (Muriate of potash).
For 1ha land:-
Amount of Urea (46% N) = 80/46 x 100 x 1
= 173.91 kg/ha
Amount of SSP (16% P2O5) = 40/16 x 100 x1
= 250 kg/ha
Amount of MOP (60% K2O)= 40/60 x 100 x 1
= 66.66 kg/ha
For 20m2 land:-
Amount of Urea= 173.9/10000 x 20
= 0.347kg= 347g
Amount of SSP= 250/10000 x 20
= 0.5kg= 500g
Amount of MOP= 66.6/10000 x 20
= 0.133kg= 133g
WATER MANAGEMENT
STAGE DAS DATE
Puddling 28 11/07/23
Tillering 40 23/07/23
Panicle initiation 61 13/08/23
Flowering 78 30/08/23
Grain Filling 90 11/09/23
INTERCULTURAL OPERATION
TOP DRESSING:-
1st top dressing: 21 Days after transplanting (25%N).
2nd top dressing: At panicle initiation (rest 25%N).
WEED MANAGEMENT:-
1 hand weeding 21 Days after transplanting.
WEED FLORA
Cockspur grass Crowfoot grass
S.N: Echinochloa crusgali S.N: Dactyloctenium aegyptium
Indian goosegrass Wild rice
S.N: Eleusine indica S.N: Echinochloa colona
Disease observed
Rice sheath blight disease Rice yellow mottle virus disease Rice blast disease
Type of disease: Fungal disease Type of disease: Viral disease Type of disease: Fungal disease
Causative agent: Rhizoctonia solani Causative agent: Rice yellow mottle Causative agent: Pyricularia oryzae
virus
Disease management
For controlling the fungal disease in rice, fungicides used were:
• Mancozeb 75% WP @ 3g/L of water.
• Copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L of water.
• Validamycin 3% L @ 2ml/l water.
Insect observed
Rice brown plant hopper Rice Gundhi bug
Scientific name: Nilaparvata lugens Scientific name: Leptocorisa acuta
Damage symptom: Damage symptom:
Insect management
For protection against various pests of rice chemical insecticide used in the field was:
• Monocrotophos (36% SL), Dose- 2 ml/lit
• Chlorpyriphos (1.5% DP), Dose- 2 ml/lit
CROP CALENDAR
Activity Timing Anticipated Actual Input Requirement
Date Date
Nursery bed preparation 28 days before 11/06/23 13/06/23 • Bed of 0.5m x 0.15m created.
transplanting • FYM is applied in the nursery bed.
Nursery sowing 28 days before 11/06/23 13/06/23 • Seeds are broadcasted in the nursery.
transplanting
Land Preparation 27 DAS 8/07/23 10/07/23 • Power tiller used for ploughing.
28 DAS 9/07/23 11/07/23 • Puddling of field is done.
Application of manure 28 DAS 9/07/23 11/07/23 • 4 baskets of well decomposed FYM is
spread in the field.
Transplanting 28 DAS 9/07/23 11/07/23 • Seedlings from nursery are transferred to
main field at 20 X 10cm spacing.
Seed Treatment 28 DAS 9/07/23 11/07/23 • Carbendazim @ 2g/kg of seed
Fertilizer application (Basal dose) 28 DAS 9/07/23 11/07/23 • 50% N, 100% P2O5 & K2O
1st top dressing 21 days after 30/07/23 1/08/23 • 25% N
transplanting
2nd top dressing Panicle 11/08/23 13/08/23 • Rest 25% N
initiation
Activity Timing Anticipated Date Actual Date Input Requirement
Water Management On day of 09/07/23 111/07/23 • During land preparation.
1st irrigation transplanting • Puddling
2nd irrigation 40 DAS 21/07/23 23/07/23 • Before top dressing.
3rd irrigation 61 DAS 11/08/23 13/08/23
4th irrigation 78 DAS 28/08/23 30/08/23
5th irrigation 90 DAS 09/09/23 11/09/23
Intercultural Operations 21 days after 30/07/23 01/08/23 • Weeds are removed using trench hoe and by
transplanting hand.
• 1 hand weeding at 21 Days after
transplanting
Pest & Disease Management 23 days after 1/08/23 3/08/23 • Application of Chlorpyriphos 2ml/l and
transplanting Monocrotophos 2ml/l.
• Application of Validamycin 2ml/l.
• Application of Mancozeb 3g/l and copper
oxychloride 3g/l.
Harvesting 118 DAS 7/10/23 9/10/23 • Harvested with sickle leaving 5-10 cm stubble
and harvested part is bundled.
Threshing 120 DAS 9/10/23 11/10/23 • Shade drying is done.
• Grains are separated by beating them on floor
or by mechanical thresher.
COST OF CULTIVATION
[Link] OPERATION PARTICULAR QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT
(in Rs)
A Seeds Cost of Seeds 40 kg/ha Rs.25/kg Rs. 1000
Seed Treatment(Bavistin) 2g/kg Rs.850/500g Rs. 136
B. Land preparation Tractor 6 Hrs Rs. 900/hr Rs. 5400
Cross ploughing + levelling + layout + 15 labourers Rs. 300/man/day Rs. 4500
seed sowing + manure + fertilizer
application
FYM 10 t/ha Rs. 0.9/kg Rs. 9000
(10000 kg/ha)
Urea 173.91 kg/ha Rs. 10/kg Rs. 1739
SSP 250 kg/ha Rs. 13/ kg Rs. 3250
MOP 66.6 kg/ha Rs. 16/kg Rs. 1066.56
C. Intercultural Hand weeding (1 time) 15 labourers Rs. 300/ man /day Rs. 4500
operations
[Link] Operation Particulars Quantity Rate Amount
(in Rs)
D. Irrigation 5 times 3 hrs / irrigation Rs. 100/hr Rs. 1500
Application cost 2 Labourers / ha Rs. 300/man/day Rs. 3000
E. Plant protection Copper oxychloride (50% 3 g/lit Rs. 90/100g Rs. 1350
wp)
Mancozeb (75% wp) 3 g/lit Rs. 90/100g Rs. 1350
Monocrotophos (36% SL) 2 ml/lit Rs. 600/500 ml Rs. 1200
Chlorpyriphos (1.5% DP) 2 ml/lit Rs. 800/lit Rs. 800
Validamycin (3% L ) 2 ml/lit Rs. 165/250 ml Rs. 600
Labourers 2 Labourers Rs. 300/ man/day Rs. 600
F. Harvesting Cutting+bundling+threshing 35 Labourers Rs. 300/ man/day Rs. 10,500
G. Land rent Land rent 120 days Rs. 500 / 6 months Rs. 500
Total:- Rs. 51,991.56
PLANT HEIGHT
DURATION 55 DAS 64 DAS 85 DAS 101 DAS
11/08/23 21/08/23 11/09/23 27/09/23
PLANT 84.94cm 92.97cm 101.1cm 121.9cm
HEIGHT
(Avg.)
140 AVERAGE PLANT HEIGHT
121.9
120
101.1
100 92.97
84.94
80
Plant Height
60
40
20
0
50 60 70 80 90 100 110
DAS
NUMBER OF TILLERS
DURATI 55 DAS 64 DAS 85 DAS 101 DAS
ON
11/08/23 21/08/23 11/09/23 27/09/23
No. of 6 7 8 8
Tillers
(Avg.)
NUMBER OF TILLERS
9
8 8
8
7
7
6
No. of Tillers (avg.)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
50 60 70 80 90 100 110
DAS
LEAF NUMBER
DURATIO 55 DAS 64 DAS 85 DAS 101 DAS
N
11/08/23 21/08/23 11/09/23 27/09/23
Average 18 28 34 37
leaf number
AVERAGE NO. OF LEAVES
40 37
34
35
Number of leaves
30 28
25
20 18
15
10
0
50 60 70 80 90 100 110
DAS
LEAF AREA INDEX
DURATION 55 DAS 64 DAS 85 DAS 101 DAS
11/08/23 21/09/23 11/09/23 27/09/23
LEAF AREA 3.12 3.82 4.48 4.10
INDEX
5 LAI 4.48
4.5 4.1
4 3.82
3.5 3.12
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
50 60 70 80 90 100 110
YIELD PARAMETER
PLANT NUMBER OF NUMBER OF PANICLE
NUMBER PANICLE / SEEDS / LENGTH
HILL PANICLE (in cm)
P1 4 115 24
P2 5 116 27
P3 4 120 28.5
P4 5 111 28
P5 3 113 23
P6 3 112 24.4
P7 4 120 26.3
P8 5 109 26.2
P9 3 121 24.6
P10 4 123 25
YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTER
No. of panicles per hill = 4
Total no. of grains per panicle= 116
Effective no. of grains per panicle = 90
Test weight (weight of 1000 seeds) = 22g
YIELD CALCULATION
Y= A x B x C x D Y=1000 x 4 x 116 x 0.022
=10,208g
• A= Plant population= Area/ Spacing =10.20kg
20 m2 / 0.2 x 0.1 m2
=20/0.02=1000 plants • For 20m2, Y=10.20kg
• B= no. of panicles/hill=4 • For 10,000m2,Y = 10.20/20 x10,000
=5100 kg
• C=no. of seeds/panicle=116
Estimated Yield= 5100 kg/ha
• D= weight of 1 seed=0.022
Return per rupee investment
YIELD = 5100 kg
MSP of rice = Rs.21 per kg
GROSS RETURN = 5100 X Rs.21
= Rs.1,07,100
NET INCOME = GROSS RETURN – TOTAL COST CULTIVATION
= Rs.1,07,100- Rs.51,991.56
= Rs.55,108
RETURN PER RUPEE INVESTMENT = GROSS RETURN/ TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION
= Rs.1,07,100 / Rs.51,991.56
= 2.05
BENEFIT COST RATIO = NET RETURN/ TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION
= Rs. 55,108 / Rs. 51,991.56
= 1.05
As benefit cost ratio is greater than 0, the farmer is profitable.
THANK YOU
