Static and Dynamic Stabilization
of the Glenohumeral Joint
Based on Clinical Orthopedic
References and Observations
Introduction
• The glenohumeral (GH) joint is inherently
unstable due to its anatomical structure.
• Stabilization is crucial for functional and pain-
free shoulder motion.
Anatomy of GH Joint
• A ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of
the humerus and glenoid cavity.
• Provides mobility at the cost of stability.
What is Stabilization?
• Refers to the ability of the joint to maintain
congruency and resist unwanted motion.
• Two main types: Static and Dynamic
stabilization.
Static Stabilization - Definition
• Involves non-contractile structures like
ligaments, labrum, capsule, and passive
tension.
Static Stabilizers - Components
• 1. Glenoid Labrum
• 2. Joint Capsule
• 3. Ligaments (e.g., Superior GH ligament)
• 4. Negative intra-articular pressure
Static Stabilization - Function
• Maintains joint congruity when the arm is at
rest or dependent.
• Prevents inferior subluxation.
Illustration: Static Stabilization
• Visual representation of static structures
stabilizing humeral head.
Dynamic Stabilization - Definition
• Involves active contraction of muscles to
stabilize the joint during movement.
Dynamic Stabilizers - Prime Movers
• 1. Deltoid
• 2. Supraspinatus (especially at initiation)
• 3. Long head of Biceps Brachii
Dynamic Stabilizers - Rotator Cuff
• 1. Supraspinatus
• 2. Infraspinatus
• 3. Teres Minor
• 4. Subscapularis
• All help center the humeral head.
Muscle Force Vectors
• Each muscle creates a compressive and shear
force.
• The resultant stabilizes the joint by directing
the humeral head.
Force Coupling
• Superior-Inferior muscle coordination creates
a stable fulcrum for arm elevation.
Role of the Supraspinatus
• Key in initiating abduction and resisting
superior translation by deltoid.
• Acts both passively and actively.
Deltoid Muscle Dynamics
• Produces upward and outward force.
• Counterbalanced by rotator cuff.
Biceps and Labrum
• Long head of biceps acts as a stabilizer,
especially during flexion.
• Passes through the capsule and labrum.
Common Dysfunctional Patterns
• Weakness or fatigue in stabilizers can lead to
microtrauma, impingement, and instability.
Impact of Aging and Overuse
• Tendinopathy and degeneration reduce
dynamic stabilization.
• Most common in supraspinatus.
Summary: Static vs Dynamic
• Static: Passive structures
• Dynamic: Active muscle control
• Both are crucial in shoulder joint integrity.
Clinical Relevance
• Rehabilitation focuses on strengthening
dynamic stabilizers.
• Static structures often addressed post-injury
or in surgery.
Rehabilitation Insight
• Therapy includes scapular stabilization, rotator
cuff strengthening, and posture correction.
Case Example
• Ms. Sorenson – altered posture and muscle
activity after mastectomy affecting GH
stabilization.
Diagram: Force Vectors
• Deltoid vs Rotator cuff interaction to stabilize
humeral head.
Concept Recap
• Muscular compression balances joint reaction
force.
• Joint motion = mobility + stability balance.
Conclusion
• Optimal shoulder function requires synergy
between static and dynamic stabilization.
References
• 1. Neumann's Kinesiology Textbook
• 2. Video: https://youtu.be/1mZitU7eVmE
• 3. Clinical case from provided book pages
