First Aid
# What is First Aid ?
- Immediate skilled assistance
given to any injured or sudden
First Aid illness person before getting
medical aids.
# Who is the First Aider ?
- A trained person having an
authorized and valid First Aid
certificate.
“ First Aider Is Not A
Doctor”
AIMS Of First Aid
- Preserve the life.
- Providing basic medical
attention and care before a
medical support arrives.
- Promote the condition.
- Prevent from deterioration.
- Correct and convenient
transportation of the casualty
to the hospital.
Thumb rule of First Aid
Do Not Declare Death!!!!!
R – Rush to the spot
A – Assess the situation
D – Diagnose the condition
I – Immediately
T – Treat
T – Transport
Treat Calmly, Quickly and Confidently
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Rules of CPR
D - Danger
R - Response
A - Airway
B - Breathing
C – Circulation
CPR can be performed 20times / min.
Malignated air is sufficient for CPR. Human body
uses only 5% of oxygen.
Do not provide CPR when the pulse is active
External chest compression
Peripheral injury – Burn
Central injury – May result in cardiac arrest
Various Treatment Positions
Artificial Respiration
( A.R. at the rate of 20/minute )
# Mouth to mouth respiration, when the casualty is in
suffocation.
- Open the airways.
- Close the nose.
-Take a deep inspiration in 2 seconds.
- Give mouth to mouth respiration by giving the
same exhaled air into the patient’s mouth in 1
seconds.
-Till to have normal respiration or arrival of doctor.
- CPR is the combination of A.R & E.C.C
- A First Aider has to give C.P.R. at the ratio of 2 :30,
when the patient is in a state of Suffocation or Collapse.
- Keep him in Recovery Position (left or right) till reaching
of doctor.
Artificial Respiration
Incase of injury to mouth:-By covering nose and our
mouth respiration.
# Incase of a small child:-By covering nose and
mouth of the child with our mouth.
Artificial Respiration
(E.C.C. at the rate of 100/
minute)
When there is no circulation (Heart
stop).
- Lie the patient on a hard
surface.
- Keep the right middle finger
at the junction of mid chest
and rib.
- Put the heel of the left palm
on the mid chest and drive
towards the right middle
finger.
- Put the right palm on the left
palm.
- Give pressure at the rate of
100/minute and at the depth of
3 to 4 cm.
- Both the hands should be 90
degree to the chest.
- Give only 30 compressions in
Wounds
# Varieties :-
- Incised
- Contused
- Lacerated
- Punctured
# Complications :-
- Bleeding
- Infection
Bleedings
# Varieties of Bleeding :- # Signs & Symptoms :-
- External - Weakness and thirsty
- Internal feeling
# Classification of - Paleness and coldness of
bleeding :-
the
- Arterial
-Venous skin with
- Capillaries shivering
# Management :- - Weak and speed pulse
$- External bleeding:- with frequent short breath
- Apply DRABC rule - Sinking and
- Press the bleeding site by hand
unconsciousness - Give
sterile pad on the wound ,if bleeding persists give
another pad over the previous .
- Give pressure band above the site .
- Lie the patient and keep the bleeding cite above
heart level .
- Shock treatment can be given
- Shift the patient to the hospital .
Dressing Pads / Band Aids
Dressing Pads Band Aids
Reasons :- # Reasons :-
- Protect from further -Fix the dressing pad on the
injury wound
- Soak the discharges
- Check the bleeding
- Check the bleeding
- Check the swelling
- Check the infection
- Immobilize the body part
Varieties:-
- Adhesive # Varieties :-
- Non adhesive - Roller
- Gouge -Triangular
- Improvised
Fractures
# Signs & Symptoms:-
# Causes:- - Pain ,Deformity &Swelling .
- Direct force - Pain, red, hot and
swelling .
- Indirect force - Sever pain in slightest
- Muscular force movement of the part .
# Varieties :- - Ugly appearance of the
part .
- Simple fracture - Broken part looks shorter
- Compound due to muscular
fracture contraction.
- There will be cracking
- Complicated sound while shacking the
fracture part ,but don’t try to hear .
- There may be shock due to
sever pain .
Fractures
# Management :-
- Apply DRABC Rule with moral support .
- Give priority for suffocation, bleeding
shock and then fracture .
- Immobilize the broken part at the site of
the accident by using SPLINTS .
- Don’t wash the open fracture ,simply
cover and give pressure band above the
bleeding cite . -
Shift to the hospital with help of metallic
stretcher .
Fractures
Simple Compoun Compression
Fracture d Fracture Fracture
Band Aids
Burns
Verities :-
- Dry burn
- Wet burn
- Chemical burn
- Radiation burn
Degrees of burn :-
1st degree--- Skin looks
red .
2nd degree ---Formation of
blisters .
3rd degree--- Damage of
the internal
tissues .
Rule of “9”
Rule of –‘9’ for area of burn :-
1. Head -9%
2.Upper chest -9%
3.Upper back -9%
4.Abdomen -9%
5.Lower back -9%
6.Rt. Arm -9%
7.Left arm -9%
8.Rt. Thigh -9%
9.Rt. Lower leg -9%
10.Left thigh -9%
11.Left lower leg-9%
12.Urinary part -01%
Burns
# Management:-
- Apply DRABC rule .
- Give moral support and advice to
remain silent .
- Don’t remove the burn garments from
body .
- Except face keep him inside the water
till there is burning felling .
- In BURN only clean, cold, running
water.
- Cover the burn part with sterile pads but
not with adhesive pad .
- Keep the burn limbs above heart level .
- In case of suffocation give A.R.
- Don’t put ice ,better to give cold water .
- Remove the rings from fingers .
- Don’t burst the blisters .
- Give ORS and shift to the hospital .
Poisonous Bites
# Snake bite:- (skin)
- Observe the bite spot carefully.
- Two fang marks with one finger
interval will be present in poisonous
bite.
- Clean the site.
- Give pressure bands above the
site to check the circulation.
- Give CPR if required.
- Immobilize and keep the site
below heart level.
- Shift him to hospital for anti
venom.
# Dog bite:-
- Clean the wound.
- Give clean and dry bandage over
the wound.
-Shift
him to doctor for vaccination as
early as possible.
Types of Pick and Carry Arrangements
Human crutch Cradle method Firemen lift
Firemen lift Pick at Back
Types of Seat & Carry Arrangements
1. Three Arm seat
2. Four Arm Seat
3. Stretcher
Emergency Response
Emergency contact numbers to be
displayed in all vital locations with
clear access.
Sup/ Engg’s to save all the Emergency
contact numbers in mobile phones on
priority basis.
Should be aware of location of Fire
extinguishers, First aid box, Stretcher,
Rescue arrangement, Emergency
assembly point, Ambulance/
Emergency vehicle.
Access to these emergency equipment
should be clear and free from any
obstruction.
Workers to be communicated on this
during Safety induction training/ Tool
box Meetings and other safety
Emergency Response Rules
Identify, realize and assess the situation Do not PANIC
Reach Assembly Point for head count
Call for immediate help(Fire/ Security/ Ambulance/ Medical/
Police/etc.,)
Inform Site Manager, Safety officer, Project Manager
Keep distance from the event if not able to assess
Provide first aid if required only if you are aware and confident .
Providing Wrong treatment can cause Death.
Always ensure that the emergency equipment’s are in place
and are ready to use.
Communicate the same down the line to your supervisor’s,
Contractor’s
Always keep your access ways, roads, staircases clear
Do not use elevators/ Lift during fire or any other events
Know your point of entry and exit of your work place and
project site.
