MOTORIZED VALVE AND DAMPER CONTROL
Nov 27, 2012 KAVIN ENGINEERING AND SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED
VALVE
Valves are mechanical devices that controls the flow and pressure within a
system or process
FUNCTIONS
Stopping and starting flow
Reduce or increase a flow
Controlling the direction of flow
Regulating a flow or process pressure
Relieve a pipe system of a certain pressure
Classification of Valves based on Motion
VALVE ACTUATORS
Valve actuators are devices used to position valves. They can be used to
fully Open and shut a valve, or in an application that requires constant
and precise Control
Selecting the proper actuator is based on the following considerations
– Safety
– Reliable operation
– Control and process system performance
– Inaccessible or remote valve location
– Cost
– Excessive valve torque
– Emergency response
TYPES OF ACTUATOR
Manual Actuators Electric Motor Pneumatic
Actuator Actuator
Hydraulic Actuators
Solenoid Actuator
Pneumatic Actuator
Pneumatic actuators use pressurized air
to operate a valve.
Applying the force of the air to a piston or
a diaphragm attached to the valve stem.
Advantages
Fast stroking speeds
Low fire risk & costs
Simple design
High reliability
Hydraulic Actuator
Hydraulic actuators use a pressurized fluid to
control valve movement.
Hydraulic fluid used is either water or oil
and is fed to either one or both sides of a piston
to cause movement.
Advantages
- More powerful than a pneumatic Actuator.
- Capable of converting a small input
- Pressure into a large output pressure.
Motor Operated Valve (MOV)
Introduction
An MOV is a combination of two separate devices,
Valve Assembly
A mechanical device to optimize a desired fluid control function, such as
isolation or throttling.
Actuator
The basic parts of a valve assembly
Valve body, Bonnet, Disc, Seat, Stem,
Motor Operated Valve (MOV)
Motor Operated Valve (MOV) is an important item of Plant & Piping
system.
These valves are generally of large size and are used for different
applications.
Motor Operated Valves are often called as On-Off valves as the motors
serve the purpose of fully opening or fully closing valves in pipelines
The motor operates in both directions and drives the valve stem by
means of gear couplings
Principle Of Operation
Electric motor operated actuators basically consist of an electric
motor with reduction gear and an output shaft or a level arm incorporated
in a common housing.
Automatic regulation and remote control, rotation is transmitted from the
electric motor to the final control element.
Motor Operated Valve (MOV)
MOV is located in a cold enough climate, any moisture trapped in
pneumatic control lines can freeze, removing control of that valve.
No source of pressurized air or fluid required
Capable of producing very large amounts of torque
Capable of producing consistent and adjustable operating speeds
Electric cables are easier than piping to route to an actuator.
Parts of Motor Operated Valve
Motor
Limit and torque switch
Gearing
Valve attachment
Hand wheel
Actuator controls
Electrical connection
Actuator Motor
Three-phase AC motors are mostly used.
These motors are specially adapted for valve automation as
they provide higher torques.
Sized to provide the the torque required by the valve
Converts electrical power to mechanical power. Reversing any two
leads will reverse the direction of motor rotation.
Totally enclosed non-ventilated (TENV)
Three speeds –900, 1800, 3600 rpm
Motor Duty cycle
The relationship between operating time and the resting time of
an electric motor.
S1 Continuous Duty
The motor works at a constant load for enough time to reach temperature
equilibrium.
S2 Short time Duty
The motor works at a constant load, but not long enough to reach
temperature equilibrium. The rest periods are long enough for the motor to
reach ambient temperature.
Motor Duty cycle
S3 Intermittent periodic Duty
Sequential, identical run and rest cycles with constant load. Temperature
equilibrium is never reached. Starting current has little effect on
temperature rise.
S4 Intermittent periodic duty with starting.
Sequential, identical start, run and rest cycles with constant load.
Temperature equilibrium is not reached, but starting current affects
temperature rise.
Motor Duty cycle
S5 Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking
Sequential, identical cycles of starting, running at constant load and
running with no load. No rest periods.
S6 Continuous operation with intermittent load
Sequential, identical cycles of running with constant load and running
with no load. No rest periods.
Motor Duty cycle
S7 Continuous operation with electric braking
Sequential identical cycles of starting, running at constant load and
electric braking. No rest periods.
S8 Continuous operation with periodic changes in load and speed
Sequential, identical duty cycles run at constant load and given speed,
then run at other constant loads and speeds. No rest periods.
Insulation Classes
Insulation Classes materials
Class-Y insulation: Class-B insulation:
Cotton, Silk, Or Paper, Poly amide
Varnish glass cloth, Mica products,
Fiber Silicone rubber
Class-A insulation: Class-F insulation:
Varnish Cloth
Enamel wire polyethylene, Glass
Class-E insulation: lamination, Mica products
Enamel wire polyurethane resin, Class H insulation:
Enamel wire epoxy resin
Mica, Ceramic, Glass, Quartz
Motor Protection
One method of protection is to install one or more thermal switches in the
motor winding.
These switches operate like thermostats when a certain temperature is
reached, the switch trips and de energizes the motor.
When the motor winding cool, the switch remakes, and the motor circuit is
restored.
Another method of protection is to sense motor current.
When the current reaches a specific level, a switch trips and the motor is de
energized. Typically, the switch then resets automatically.
Controlling The Motor
Controlling The Motor
When Coil A is energized, Contacts
A close, and the motor runs in the
clockwise direction.
When Coil B is energized,
Contacts B
close, and the motor runs in the
counter-clockwise direction
This is a redundant system
whose
purpose is to ensure both starters
will
not energize at the same time.
Limit And Torque Switch
Limit Switch
The geared limit switch counts the rotation of the drive sleeve or
worm shaft in order to keep track of valve position.
1. Shut off power to the actuator motor at the proper stroke position
2. Turn indicating lights on and off and the proper stroke position
3. Provide electrical interlocks and bypasses as required
Torque Switch
The torque switch has two possible functions
1. On torque controlled valves, it is used to ensure that the valve
has sufficient torque applied to the valve stem to guarantee
seating
2. On limit controlled valves, it is used to ensure that the actuator
and valve are protected from possible excessive torque
Limit And Torque Switch
Limit And Torque Switch Settings
Actuator Gearbox
Gearing
A worm gearing is used to reduce the high output speed of the
electric motor.
This enables a high reduction ratio within the gear stage, leading to
a low efficiency which is desired for the actuators.
The gearing is therefore self-locking i.e. it prevents accidental and
undesired changes of the valve position by acting upon the valve’s
closing element.
Manual operation
Manual operation
Most electric actuators are equipped with a hand wheel for
operating the actuators
during commissioning or power failure
The hand wheel does not move during motor operation
The electronic torque limiting switches are not functional during
manual operation.
Mechanical torque limiting devices are commonly used to prevent
torque overload
during manual operation.
Actuator controls
Actuator signals and operation commands of the DCS are processed
with in the
actuator controls. Actuators include integral controls which process signals
locally
without any delay.
Controls use the switch gear to switch the electric motor on or off
depending on the
signals or commands present
Actuator controls is to provide the DCS with feedback signals,
Ex. When reaching a valve end position.
Integral motor controls
Integral motor controls
The location of the electric actuator controls varies.
The position sensing, torque sensing and motor thermal switch protection
devices are
always at the actuator, the rest of the controls (reversing starters, power supply,
control logic and local controls) can be located either at the actuator or
remotely.
This configuration is preferred because of its high degree of reliability, since
the
entire control package is designed, assembled and tested by one responsible
supplier.
Remote motor controls
Remote motor controls
The controls remotely is common practice when the automated
valve is inaccessible
or located in an environmentally unfriendly spot such as places with
high-ambient
temperatures or that are frequently submerged.
Electrical connection
Electrical connection
The supply cables of the motor and the signal cables for
transmitting the commands to the actuator and sending feedback
signals on the actuator status are connected to the electrical
connection.
The electrical connection can be designed as a separately sealed
terminal bung or plug/socket connector. For maintenance
purposes, the wiring should be easily disconnected and
reconnected.
Block Diagram
DCS Display Elements
Program
Face Plate
STANDARDS
IS 325 - Three-phase Induction Motors
IS 2148 - Flameproof enclosures for electrical apparatus
IS 4691 - Degrees of protection provided by enclosure for rotating
electrical
Machinery
IS 9334 - Electric Motor Operated Actuators
IS 13947 - Low Voltage Switch gear and Control gear
IEC 60034-1 - Rotating electrical machines Part-1Rating and
performance
Damper control
Damper control
A damper is a valve or plate that stops or regulates the flow of air
inside a duct, chimney, air handler, or other air handling
equipment.
Blade Strength
Static Pressure Loss
Sealing ability
Fire protection ability
Noise produced
Damper Selection
Parallel blade damper
Parallel blade dampers are constructed so all the blades move
in the same direction and in parallel.
Parallel blade dampers have an inherent curve that is not as
pronounced, so the
flow increases more rapidly when the damper begins to
open.
OPPOSED BLADE DAMPER
Opposed blade dampers are constructed so blades next to
each other move in
opposite directions.
Opposed blade dampers give a very slow increase in the flow
when the
damper begins to open
Thank you
