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Normalization With Examples

The document outlines the normalization process in database management systems using Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams and tables. It describes the steps for achieving different normal forms (1NF to 5NF) by providing real-world examples, emphasizing the removal of dependencies and ensuring atomicity. Each normalization step is illustrated with 'before' and 'after' scenarios to demonstrate the transformation of data structures.

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M Y LIKHITH
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185 views7 pages

Normalization With Examples

The document outlines the normalization process in database management systems using Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams and tables. It describes the steps for achieving different normal forms (1NF to 5NF) by providing real-world examples, emphasizing the removal of dependencies and ensuring atomicity. Each normalization step is illustrated with 'before' and 'after' scenarios to demonstrate the transformation of data structures.

Uploaded by

M Y LIKHITH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Normalization with ER Diagrams

& Tables
Real-World Examples for Module 3 –
DBMS
1NF - First Normal Form
Ensure atomicity and remove repeating groups.

ER: Customer —< Orders Before:


Customer(ID, Name, Phones)

After:
Customer(ID, Name)
Phone(ID, PhoneNo)
2NF - Second Normal Form
Remove partial dependency in composite keys.

ER: Student —< Enrollment >— CourseBefore:


(StudentID, CourseID, StudentName, CourseName)

After:
Student(StudentID, StudentName)
Course(CourseID, CourseName)
Enrollment(StudentID, CourseID)
3NF - Third Normal Form
Remove transitive dependencies.

ER: Employee —< Department Before:


Employee(ID, Name, DeptID, DeptName)

After:
Employee(ID, Name, DeptID)
Department(DeptID, DeptName)
BCNF - Boyce-Codd Normal Form
Every determinant is a candidate key.

ER: Lecturer teaches Subject in Room Before:


(Lecturer, Subject, Room)

Dependency: Room → Subject (not key)

After:
Room(RoomID, Subject)
LecturerTeaches(Lecturer, RoomID)
4NF - Fourth Normal Form
Remove multivalued dependencies.

ER: Author —< Book and Author —< Awards Before:


Author(Name, Book, Award)

After:
AuthorBooks(Name, Book)
AuthorAwards(Name, Award)
5NF - Fifth Normal Form
Decompose to eliminate join dependencies.

ER: Supplier —< Product >— Project Before:


(Supplier, Product, Project)

After:
SupplierProduct, SupplierProject, ProductProject

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