Supply Chain and Distribution
Management
Transportation
transmission
parts
car
fuel injection assembly
bodies
Finally the finished car
engines may be delivered
anywhere in the world
for sale.
Business School, SDJU
Transportation Management
• Definition of Transportation.
• Types of Traffic
• Transportation Participants
• Five Basic Transportation Modes and Their Characteristics
1. Definition
• Transport or transportation is the movement of people and
goods from one place to another.
– Transportation is the physical movement.
– The term movement includes any interchange ,
documentation processing , temporary accommodation and
the procurement of the means of transportation.
2. Types of Traffic
• There are several different ways in which movements can
occur.
• According to the frequency and the predictability with which
movement takes place over any given route, four basic
types of movement for goods can be identified:
– regular open-access,
– regular dedicated,
– predictably variable,
– and casual/spot/on-demand.
2. Types of Traffic
A. Regular open-access
movements of goods
• Regular open-access movements in freight transportation are
the equivalent of scheduled public transportation services
in passenger operation.
• Sea ,air and scheduled rail services carrying both passenger
and freight traffic.
Regular open-access
movements of goods
Regular open-access
movements of goods
2. Types of Traffic
B. Regular dedicated movements of goods
• “Dedicated services” are those beyond regular scheduled services.
• To meet distinctive customer requirements
• not open to public use. contracted services normally run in scheduled
slots (time slots).
Example: Supermarkets (distribution depot to supermarket)
• But because they offer no commitment to public availability, they can be
easily altered at short notice.
Regular dedicated
movements of goods
Regular dedicated
movements of goods
Regular dedicated
movements of goods
2. Types of Traffic
C. Predictably variable movements of
goods
• Reasons for the Predictable variations
• E.G. The origin and destinations are predictable, but the
timing of the trips and perhaps their frequency are variable.
• This can be found in the road haulage of containers that
have been landed at a port for a mixture of immediate
deliveries.
Predictably variable
movements of goods
2. Types of Traffic
D. Casual/spot/on-demand movements of
goods
• Finally there are movements —— not regular and Completely
variable (unexpected) ：
– casual or tramp movements,
– ‘spot’ traffic,
– one-off movements or special trips,
– or on-demand movements.
• often undertaken with spare capacity of operators or
vehicles/craft hired for the specific job.
3. Transportation Participants
The transportation system is
vital for the country’s I need something
economic health delivered at the lowest
possible cost!
I need something
shipped at the lowest
possible cost!
Carriers: We have the
enter into a contract equipment!
4. Five Basic Transportation Modes
Rail Road
Modes of Transportation
Air Pipelines
Water
Inland water & sea
40-Foot Containers Doublestacked on a Rail Car
Siberian Railway Freight Car
Rai
l
The French TGV - Eurostar
Air
747-400 Docking
Water
bulk carrier, container ship/vessel
bulk cargo
ship
general cargo ship liquefied gas carrier
fork-lift
container yard
Stacked 40-Foot Containers
Loading and
unloading
Business School, SDJU
Pipeline
Trans-Alaska Pipeline West-East Gas Pipeline
for transporting crude oil more than 4,000 km
1277km, Xinjiang---Shanghai
in1977 In 2004
Kazakhstan-China Pipeline – Atasu -
Alashankou
Business School, SDJU
Transportation
Transportation Modes
Modes
Rail
Rail---
---Nation’s
Nation’simportant
importantcarrier,
carrier,cost-
cost-
effective
effectivefor
forshipping
shippingbulk
bulkproducts
products
Truck
Truck---
---Flexible
Flexiblein
inrouting
routing&
&time
timeschedules,
schedules,
efficient
efficientfor
forshort-hauls
short-haulsof
ofhigh
highvalue
valuegoods
goods
Water
Water---
---Low
Lowcost
costfor
forshipping
shippingbulky
bulky
low-value
low-valuegoods,
goods,slowest
slowestform
form
Pipeline
Pipeline---
---Ship
Shippetroleum,
petroleum,natural
naturalgas,
gas,
and
andchemicals
chemicalsfrom
fromsources
sourcesto
tomarkets
markets
Air
Air---
---High
Highcost,
cost,ideal
idealwhen
whenspeed
speedisisneeded
needed
or
orto
toship
shiphigh-value,
high-value, low-bulk
low-bulkitems
items
Business School, SDJU
