PROPERTIES

OF MATTER
LESSON 1
 a. Atoms b. Molecules c. Ions
- the smallest – composed – particles
particle of atoms with charges
SOLI LIQUI
GAS
D D
 MATTER
 MATTER is anything that occupies space
and has mass.
 Mass is the amount of matter in a
substance.
 Volume is the amount of space matter
takes up.
 Matter is made of indestructible
particles called “atomos”
The ancient Greek philosophers
Democritus (470-380 BC) and
Leucippus (490 BC) recorded
the concept of the atomos, an
indivisible building block of
matter, as early as the 5th
century BC.
Hierarchy of Matter
PROPERTIE
S OF
MATTER
PHYSICA CHEMICA EXTENSI INTENSIV
L L VE E
PROPERT PROPERT PROPERT PROPERT
IES IES IES IES
 What is the difference?
Physical Chemical
propertie propertie
s s

Intensive Property Extensive

Property
 Properties of Matter
Physical Chemical
propertie
can be propertie
its "potential"
observed
s or to undergo
s
measured some chemical
without change or
changing the reaction by
composition of virtue of its
matter. composition.
 PHYSICAL Properties of Matter
State Changes Shape or Form Changes
Melting: Ice turning into water. Cutting: Cutting paper into
smaller pieces.
Freezing: Water turning into ice.
Breaking: Shattering a glass
Evaporation: Water turning into object.
steam.
Stretching: Stretching a rubber
Condensation: Steam turning into band.
water droplets. Folding: Folding a piece of paper.
Sublimation: Dry ice (solid carbon Crushing: Crushing a can.
dioxide) turning directly into gas.
Deposition: Frost forming from
water vapor directly turning into
 PHYSICAL Properties of Matter
Dissolving Other Changes
Dissolving Salt in Water: The Boiling: Water boiling into steam.
salt still exists in the solution. Magnetizing: Iron becoming
Dissolving Sugar in Tea: Sugar magnetic temporarily.
dissolves but remains chemically Changing Shape: Molding clay
the same. into different forms.
Mixing (without chemical Grinding: Grinding spices or coffee
reaction) beans.
Mixing Sand and Gravel: The Stretching Metal: Shaping metals
individual components remain without changing their chemical
separate. structure.
Mixing Food Coloring in Water:
The color changes, but no new
 CHEMICAL Properties of Matter
Combustion Cooking
1.Burning Wood: Produces ash, Cooking an Egg: Heat causes
carbon dioxide, and water vapor. proteins to denature and create a
2.Burning Paper: Results in ash solid structure.
and smoke. Baking a Cake: Ingredients
3.Burning Fuels: Gasoline burns chemically react to form a new
to form carbon dioxide and water. spongy product.
Rusting and Corrosion Frying Vegetables: Heat induces
chemical changes in the food
4.Rusting of Iron: Iron reacts with molecules.
oxygen and moisture to form rust
(iron oxide). Acid-Base Reactions
5.Tarnishing of Silver: Silver Vinegar and Baking Soda:
reacts with sulfur in the air to form Produces carbon dioxide gas
 CHEMICAL Properties of Matter
Decomposition Formation of a Precipitate
11.Rotting Food: Bacteria and Mixing Silver Nitrate and Salt
fungi break it down into simpler Water: Forms solid silver chloride.
substances. Milk Curdling: Acid causes milk
12.Decomposition of Water: proteins to coagulate into a solid.
Electrolysis breaks water into Energy Release or Absorption
hydrogen and oxygen gas.
Fireworks Exploding: Chemical
Oxidation reactions release light, heat, and
13.Apple Turning Brown: sound.
Enzymes react with oxygen to form Lighting a Candle: Wax reacts
a brown layer. with oxygen to produce carbon
14.Copper Turning Green: dioxide, water, and energy.
Copper reacts with air to form a
 CHEMICAL Properties of Matter
Other Chemical Changes
Digesting Food: Enzymes break down
food into simpler molecules.
Photosynthesis: Plants convert carbon
dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
 intensive property
it is a physical and
chemical property of
matter that does not
depend on the system
size or the amount of
material in the system.
These properties are
inherent to the material
itself and remain
 intensive physical property
•Color: The specific hue or pigment of a substance.
•Boiling Point: The temperature at which a substance
changes from liquid to gas.
•Melting Point: The temperature at which a substance
changes from solid to liquid.
•Temperature: A measure of the thermal energy of a
substance.
•Hardness: The resistance to scratching or deformation (e.g.,
Mohs scale).
•Luster: The shininess or reflectiveness of a material
 extensive property
A physical property that will
change if the amount of
matter changes.
It includes mass (how much
matter in the sample),
volume (how much space
the sample takes up) and
length (how long the sample
is.
extensive property
•Mass: The amount of matter in an object (measured in
grams or kilograms).
•Volume: The amount of space a substance occupies
(measured in liters or cubic meters).
•Length: The measurement of how long an object is
(measured in meters or centimeters).
•Total Energy: The total amount of energy (e.g., thermal
or kinetic) in a system.
•Number of Moles: The total quantity of substance
(measured in moles).
•Weight: The force exerted by gravity on a substance
(measured in newtons).
•Heat Capacity: The amount of heat energy required to
change the temperature of the entire substance.
Matter Phase Change