Guiding Principle of Public
Safety
• Cargo being transported on the highway
must remain secured on or within the
transporting vehicle:
– Under all conditions expected to occur in
normal driving conditions
– When a driver is responding in emergency
situations; short of a crash.
Safe Loading § 392.9
Cargo is properly
distributed and
adequately
secured
Tailgate, tailboard, doors, tarpaulins, spare tire and
other equipment used in its operation, and the
means of fastening the commercial motor vehicle's
cargo, are secured
§ 392.9 Spare Tire
8 Sections of “General
Rules”
393.100 – 393.114
PLUS
11 Sections of “Cargo
Specific Rules”
393.116 – 393.136
Cargo Specific Rules
393.116 Logs
393.118 Building Products
393.120 Metal Coils
393.122 Paper Rolls
Cargo Specific Rules
393.124 Concrete Pipe
393.126 Intermodal Containers
393.128 Autos – Light Trucks
393.130 Heavy Equipment
Cargo Specific Rules
393.132 Crushed Cars
393.134 Roll-Off Containers
393.136 Boulders
Rules Apply To
•Trucks
•Truck-Tractors
•Semi Trailers
•Full Trailers
•Pole Trailers 393.100(a)
Prevent Loss of Load
•Leaking
•Spilling
•Blowing
•Falling 393.100(b)
Prevent Shifting of Load
•Upon or Within
“To such as extent that
the vehicle’s stability or
maneuverability is
adversely affected”
393.100(c)
Lightweight
Lightweight cargo
cargo may
may not
not
effect
effect vehicle
vehicle stability
stability
Heavier
Heavier cargo
cargo may
may effect
effect
vehicle
vehicle stability
stability
Common Securement Methods
Common Securement Methods
Sided Vehicle
Common Securement Methods
Sided Vehicle
Common Securement Methods
Secure on & Within
Common Securement Methods
Tie-downs
Minimum Performance
393.102
The means of securing cargo are considered to
meet the performance requirements if:
Cargo is immobilized
Fills a sided vehicle / no shifting
Conforms to 393.104 – 393.136
Securement Devices
393.104b
No damage or weakening that
adversely effects performance or
working load limit
No cracks or cuts that adversely
effect strength
Tiedowns
Tiedowns and
and securement
securement
devices
devices must
must not
not contain
contain knots
knots
393.104f1
Chains
Chains may
may not
not be
be
twisted
twisted or
or knotted
knotted
393.104f1
Chain
Chain links
links may
may not
not be
be stretched
stretched
or
or twisted
twisted
393.104b
““LapLinks”
LapLinks” and
and welding
welding on
on
chain
chain links
links is
is not
not approved
approved
393.104f2
““Missing
Missing Links”
Links” are
are not
not
approved
approved for
for chain
chain repair
repair
393.104f2
Bolts
Bolts are
are not
not approved
approved
393.104f2
““Cold
Cold Shut”
Shut” links
links are
are not
not
approved
approved for
for chain
chain repair
repair
393.104f2 Clevis
Splice
Okay
Grab
Grab Hooks
Hooks must
must have
have aa
parallel
parallel throat
throat opening
opening
393.104b
No
No Splicing
Splicing on
on Straps
Straps
393.104f2
CVSA
CVSA OOS
OOS
393.104b
Strap
Strap // Cut
Cut
4”
4” >3/4”
>3/4”
3”
3” >5/8”
>5/8”
2”
2” >3/8”
>3/8”
Anchor Points
No damage or weakening that
adversely effects performance or
working load limit
No cracks or damage that adversely
effect strength
393.104c
Anchor
Anchor
points
points on
on
cargo
cargo
must
must bebe
strong
strong
and
and free
free
of
of defects
defects
Factory
Factory
anchor
anchor
points
points
should
should be
be
given
given
priority
priority
Factory
Factory anchor
anchor
points
points should
should be
be
given
given priority
priority
Stake
Stake
pockets
pockets
Anchor may
may be
be
Anchor points
points are
are
not used.
used. Do
Do
not required
required to
to be
be
marked you
you know
know
marked with
with aa WLL
WLL
their
their
strength?
strength?
Each tiedown must be attached
and secured to prevent it from
•Becoming Loose
•Unfastening
•Opening
•Releasing 393.104f3
393.104f4
Tiedowns
Tiedowns must
must be
be inside
inside of
of
rub
rub rail
rail whenever
whenever practicable
practicable
393.104f5
Tiedowns
Tiedowns subject
subject to
to cutting
cutting or
or
abrasion
abrasion are
are required
required to
to have
have
edge
edge protectors
protectors
393.106a Applicability
This section applies to cargo that has physical
structure
Cargo that lacks structure – liquids, gases,
aggregates, sand, gravel, grain must be
transported in an appropriate vehicle and may
not leak, blow, fall, or spill.
General Requirements
Cargo must be:
Firmly immobilized or secured on
or within a vehicle by a
combination of the following -
General Requirements
• Structures of adequate strength
• Dunnage or dunnage bags
• Shoring bars
• Tiedowns 393.106b
Dunnage
Dunnage bag
bag inside
inside aa trailer
trailer
Tiedowns
Tiedowns inside
inside aa trailer
trailer
Cargo
Cargo Secured
Secured by
by Tiedowns
Tiedowns
Placement and Restraint
393.106c1
Cargo likely to roll must be restrained by
securely mounted:
• Chocks
• Wedges
• Cradle
•Equivalent Means
Cargo
Cargo Capable
Capable of
of Rolling
Rolling
Cradle
Cradle and
and Blocking
Blocking
Multiple Items of Cargo
393.106c2
Side by side cargo with transverse
tiedowns must be:
• in Direct contact with each other
or
• Blocked to prevent shifting
Transverse
Transverse Tiedown
Tiedown
Direct
Direct Cargo
Cargo Contact
Contact
Front
Transverse
Transverse Tiedown
Tiedown
Direct
Direct Cargo
Cargo Contact
Contact
Front
MBS
MBS vs
vs WLL
WLL
USE
USE WORKING
WORKING LOAD
LOAD LIMIT
LIMIT
Tiedowns by Weight
393.106d
The minimum number of
tiedowns required to secure cargo
by weight is determined by the
weight of the cargo and the
Working Load Limit of the
tiedowns used on that cargo
Total Strength
393.106d
The aggregate Working Load
Limit of any securement system
must be at least ½ times the weight
of the cargo being secured
Aggregate WLL
393.5
The aggregate Working
Load Limit (WLL) is the
sum, or total WLL of all
tiedown assemblies used to
secure an article of cargo
Aggregate WLL
50,000 lb
Cargo
Need 25,000
6,600 WLL
6,600 WLL
6,600 WLL
6,600 WLL
WLL
26,400 Aggregate WLL
3/8” Grade 7 = 6,600
WLL
Working Load Limit
393.108a
The lowest WLL of any
component in an
assembly is what
determines the WLL for
that tiedown
Binder
Binder –– 5,400
5,400 lbs
lbs WLL
WLL
Chain
Chain Marking
Marking –– Grade
Grade 77
3/8”
3/8” Grade
Grade 77 == 6,600
6,600 WLL
WLL
Hook
Hook Marking
Marking –– Grade
Grade 88
3/8”
3/8” Grade
Grade 88 == 7,100
7,100 WLL
WLL
Anchor
Anchor Point
Point -- Unmarked
Unmarked
Anchor
Anchor
points
points do
do
not
not require
require
WLL
WLL
marking
marking
Assembly Rating
3/8 G4 Binder 5,400 WLL Lowest
WLL
3/8 G7 Chain 6,600 WLL
3/8 G8 Hook 7,100 WLL
Unmarked Stake Pocket
Assembly is rated at 5,400 WLL
Minimum by Length
In addition to securing cargo by
weight, a minimum number of
tiedowns may be required by
cargo length in 393.110
Tiedowns by Length
Determine if cargo is:
393.110c 393.110b
Blocked from Not Blocked
Forward from
Forward
Movement
Movement
Forward Blocked
Forward movement prevented by
direct contact with:
Front End Structure
Equivalent Device
Other Blocked Cargo
Blocked
One Tiedown for every
10 Linear Feet
of cargo or fraction thereof
Blocked
One Tiedown for every 10 Linear
Feet of cargo or fraction thereof
48 Feet = 5 Tiedowns
Blocked
One Tiedown for every 10 Linear
Feet of cargo or fraction thereof
8’ 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’
Blocked
One Tiedown for every 10 Linear
Feet of cargo or fraction thereof
12’ 12’ 12’ 12’
Blocked
One Tiedown for every 10 Linear
Feet of cargo or fraction thereof
4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’
Blocked
One Tiedown for every 10 Linear
Feet of cargo or fraction thereof
4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’ 4’
Direct Contact Dunnage
Blocked
One Tiedown for every 10 Linear
Feet of cargo or fraction thereof
18’ 18’
Not Blocked
5 feet or less in length
1,100 lbs or less in weight
Minimum One Tiedown
Not Blocked
5 feet or Less in Length and
1,100 lbs or Less
5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’
Not Blocked
5 feet or Less in Length and
1,100 lbs or Less
5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’
Not Blocked
5 feet or less in length
More than 1,100 lbs weight
Minimum Two Tiedowns
Not Blocked
5 feet or Less in Length and
More than 1,100 lbs
5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’
Not Blocked
5 feet or Less in Length and
More than 1,100 lbs
5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’
Not Blocked
5 feet or Less in Length and
More than 1,100 lbs
5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’
Not Blocked
More than 5 feet to 10 feet or less in
length
Regardless of weight
Minimum Two Tiedowns
Not Blocked
More than 5 feet to 10 feet or
Less in Length, Any Weight
8’ 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’
Not Blocked
More than 5 feet to 10 feet or
Less in Length, Any Weight
8’ 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’
Not Blocked
More than 5 feet to 10 feet or
Less in Length, Any Weight
8’ 8’ 8’ 8’ 8’
Not Blocked
Minimum Three Tiedowns
More than 10 feet to 20 feet or less
in length
Plus, 1 Additional tiedown for
every 10 feet beyond 20 feet, or
fraction thereof
Not Blocked
More than 10 feet to 20 feet or
Less in Length, Any Weight
18’
Not Blocked
More than 10 feet to 20 feet or
Less in Length, Any Weight
18’ 18’
Not Blocked
More than 10 feet to 20 feet or
Less in Length, Any Weight
18’ 18’
Not Blocked
One Additional for each 10 feet
over 20 feet, or fraction thereof
21’
Each tiedown must have it’s
own form of adjustment
Each tiedown must have it’s
own form of adjustment
Front End Structure
Front End Structure
Not required, but if used to forward block
cargo it must meet size specifications in
393.114. If cargo is in contact, 393.110c
will be used to determine minimum
tiedowns.
Equivalent devices may be used. (there are
no size specifications)
393.130 Heavy Equipment
• The rules in this section apply to the transportation of
heavy vehicles, equipment and machinery which operate
on wheels or tracks, such as front end loaders,
bulldozers, tractors, and power shovels and which
individually weigh 10,000 lb. or more.
393.130 Heavy Equipment
• (1) Accessory equipment, such as hydraulic
shovels, must be completely lowered and
secured to the vehicle.
• (2) Articulated vehicles shall be restrained
in a manner that prevents articulation while
in transit
393.130 Heavy Equipment
• (3) Heavy equipment or machinery with crawler tracks
or wheels must be restrained against movement in the
lateral, forward, rearward, and vertical direction using a
minimum of four tiedowns.
• (4) Each of the tiedowns must be affixed as close as
practicable to the front and rear of the vehicle, or
mounting points on the vehicle that have been
specifically designed for that purpose.
60,000 #
Proper Securement Matters
Proper Securement Matters
Grand Prairie,
Alberta, Canada
Truck Driver
slammed
on the brakes for a
red light.
The truck stopped -
the pipe didn’t!
Proper Securement Matters
Loose
piece of
Scrap Iron!
