HISTORY PROJECT
From Tudor to Georgian times: what changed?
In 1536
A French army surgeon called Ambroise Pare used
bandages and soothing ointments to treat wounds
and prevent infection. His famous book Works on
Surgery was widely read by English surgeons
He was born in 1510 and died on December 20
1590
In 1596
Flushing toilet was invented
by Sir John Harington but it
did not become popular for
another 200 years
He was born in 1560 and
died on November 20 1612
In 1609
Galileo Galilei, an Italian made
the first practical telescope
and saw planets such as mars
for the first time. However,
when he said that he could
prove that the Earth moved
around the sun, the church
rejected this idea, and made
him deny his theory. His work
inspired British scientists such
as Newton and Halley.
Galileo Galilei was born on
February 15, 1564, and died
on January 8, 1642.
IN 1620
A British politician and scientist
called Francis Bacon developed
a new way of carrying out
scientific experiments. Instead of
simply discussing a problem until
everyone agreed, Bacon said
that if a person wanted to know
about the world they had to
study it and experiment a lot.
Bacons ideas inspired many
scientists, including Isaac
Newton and Robert Boyle
Francis Bacon was born January
22, 1561, he died on April 9,
1626
IN 1628
English doctor William Harvey proved
that the heart is a pump and circulates
blood around the body. This discovery
was a vital stage in the development
of surgery and treatment of illness.
Medical treatments like blood
transfusions and heart would not work
without this understanding. Harveys
work developed the theories of others.
In fact, many think the first to correctly
describe the circulation of the blood
was Muslim doctor Ibn al Nafis (1213-
1288). However, his books were not
read widely and Europeans continued
to accept incorrect medical theories
until the seventeenth century
Born: April 1, 1578
Died: June 3, 1657
IN 1657
The first tea imported from China,
was sold in Britain
IN 1657
Christopher Wren was
appointed Professor of
Astronomy at Gresham College,
London. He had already
invented an instrument that
wrote in the dark, a weather
clock and a new language for
the deaf. He met regularly with
other scientists and
mathematicians. This group
would eventually become the
Royal Society
Born: October 20, 1632
Died: February 25, 1723
IN 1661
Irish-born Robert Boyle proved
that air is essential for both
breathing and burning. He
showed that all substances
are made up of elements- and
not a mixture of earth, air, fire
and water, which is what
people had believed since
ancient times. Boyle is often
called the father of modern
chemistry
Born: January 25, 1627
Died: December 31, 1691
IN 1662
The Royal Society was formed, backed by King Charles II. This group
of scientists met regularly to discuss their ideas and experiments.
This was the first group of its kinds in the world and it still meets
regularly today. Members included Robert Boyle, Samuel Pepys, Isaac
Newton and Christopher Wren.
IN 1686
Isaac Newton discovered that a
force (gravity) pulls an object
towards the ground. He realized
that gravity is what keeps the
moon moving around the Earth.
He also improved telescopes,
used a prism to show the seven
colours of the spectrum, and in
1686 wrote principia, a book
that helped scientists
understand the universe.
Born: January 4, 1643
Died: March 31, 1727
IN 1690
Philosopher John Locke wrote
many books and essays about
the human mind. He said that a
person's experiences in life
made them who they were and
that a good education is very
important. He also said that the
rulers of any country should
work for the benefit of
everyone... and if they didn’t,
the people should get rid of
them
Born: August 29, 1632
Died: October 28, 1704
IN 1702
Worlds first daily newspaper, The Daily Courant, was published in
London
It was initially produced by Elizabeth Mallet, a pioneering female
entrepreneur in the male-dominated publishing world of the early
18th century. She operated it from her premises near the King's Arms
tavern at Fleet Bridge.
The newspaper was a single page, with news on one side and
advertisements on the reverse.
IN 1717
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
experimented with smallpox
inoculations (a way of
preventing a person getting
the disease). After the
success of her experiments,
King George I even had his
own grandchildren
inoculated!
Born: May 26, 1689
Died: August 21, 1762
