INTRODUCTION
TO FRUITS
• Fruits are the oldest food for human beings.
• Their history as old as that of Adam, Eve and the Forbidden
Apple
• Etymology : Latin ‘fructus’ means to enjoy or produce.
• Pomology : Branch of science deals with the study of fruits and
their cultivation
• Fruits are the matured carpels with or without accessory
parts.
LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF A FLOWER
DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT FROM A
FLOWER
LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF MANGO
Orange C.S. Grape L.S. Pomegranate C.S.
Mangosteen
Pericarp &
Peach L.S.
En
Placenta
of
do
ORIGIN OF
er
ca
sta lay
rp
Mes
oca
Te ter
rp
Ou
l
Ari
Strawberry L.S.
Tomato C.S. ta
TYPES
acen
FRUIT
& P l
tum Receptacle
Sep
e
ssu
ti
y
sor
s
cce Pedun Fig L.S.
Apple L.S. A cle
Pe
el
dic
dun
Pe
cle
Cashew Apple Pineapple L.S.
TYPES OF
FRUITS
SIMPLE AGGREGATE MULTIPLE
INDEHISCENT
HESPER-
POME DRUPE BERRY PEPO SAMARA NUT GRAIN ACHENE
IDIUM
DEHISCENT
FOLLICL SCHIZO-
LEGUME SILIQUE CAPSULE UTRICLE PYXIS
E CARP
MULTIPLE
FRUITS
Fruit derived from several flowers
Ananas comosus (L.) Artocarpus heterophyl- Ficus carica L.
Merr. lus Lam.
AGGREGATE
FRUITS
Fruit derived from ovaries of more than one pistil of a single flower
Annona Fragaria × ananassa Morus alba L.
squamosa L. (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne
ex Rozier
First published in Cours Compl.
SIMPLE
FRUITS
Fruit derived from ovary of a single pistil in a single flower
Fleshy fruit
POME
Derived from hypanthium & not directly from
ovary wall
Malus domestica (Suckow)
Borkh.
Fleshy fruits
Mangifera in- Vitis
dica L. vinifera L.
DRUPE BERRY
Fruit with outer fleshy layer and inner Fruit fleshy throughout and without
stony layer stony layer
Fleshy fruits
Citrus × sinensis (L.) Os- Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)
beck Matsum. & Nakai
HESPER- PEPO
IDIUM
Fruit septate, epicarp thin and leathery Fruit non septate, epicarp hard
Dry fruits (indehis-
cent)
Oryza sativa L. Anacardium occidentale L.
GRAIN NUT
Fruit wall thin shelled Fruit wall hard and bony shelled
Dry fruits (indehis-
cent)
Dipterocarpus scaber Buch.- Helianthus annuus L.
Ham.
SAMARA ACHENE
Winged fruit Pericarp separable from seed
Dry fruits (dehiscent)
Abrus precatorius L. Calotropis gigantea (L.)
[Link]
LEGUME FOLLICLE
Fruit developed from single pistil, dehisces Fruit developed from single pistil, dehisces
by both sutures by a single suture
FRUIT
DIVERSITY
Species diver-
sity in Annona
Annona reticulata
Custard apple
A. squamosa
Sugar apple
B. muricuta
Soursop
Genetic diversity in
Musa
The variation of genes within species.
Genetic diversity
in eggplant and
tomato
FOOD
MEDICINES
FRUITS SPICES
VALUE ADDED
PRODUCTS
Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) [Link]
കുടംപുളി Clusiaceae
• Used in Ayurveda as a remedy for
dysentery, rheumatism and
obesity
• Ingredient in some “lehyas”
• Fruit rind used for flavouring
curries
Acacia concinna Wall.
ചീനിക്ക Fabaceae
• Used in the Indian
subcontinent for hair
care since time
immemorial.
• Dried powdered fruit
used as medicine for
jaundice
ത്രിഫല
• ‘Triphala’ means three fruits.
• An ayurvedic medicine made by the extracts of combination of the three fruits :
• Kaduka (Terminalia chebula)
• Nellikka (Phyllanthus emblica)
• Thannikka (Terminalia bellerica)
Piper nigrum L.
കുരുമുളക് Piperaceae
• The king of spices, also known as ‘black gold.’
• The center of origin is the Western Ghats.
• Arabs, Jews, Dutch, French, Portuguese and
British came to India in search of pepper.
• Black pepper is a component in Ayurveda, Sid-
dha and Unani systems of medicines.
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton
ഏലം Zingiberaceae
• The Queen of Spices
• Centre of origin is Western Ghats
• Cardamom seeds have medicinal
and aromatic properties
• Effective against fever, vomiting and
lung diseases.
Myristica fragrans Houtt.
ജാതിക്ക Myristicaceae
• Native to Maluku Islands,
Indonesia
• Aril and seeds used to add
aroma and flavor to curries
and bakery foods
• Fruit rind used to make
pickles
Vanilla planifolia Andrews
വാനില Orchidaceae
• Fruit extract used to add flavor and
aroma to ice cream and cakes.
• Also used in the field of confectionery
and cosmetics.
Theobroma cacao L.
കൊക്കോ Sterculiaceae
• Cocoa seeds are raw material for chocolate preparation
POPU-
LAR
FRUITS
THANK YOU
