Project Work & Dissertation
Cost Cultivation of Wheat Crop in Banda District
Submitted to
Submitted By
Dr. Sharad Kumar Singh
Mr. Anurag Singh
College of Forestry (Associate Professor & HOD)
ID.No. 1989
Department of Natural Resources and
Batch: 2021
Management
Banda University of Agriculture & Technology,
Year: - 2024-2025 Banda (210001), Uttar Pradesh
Content
Introduction
Review of Literature
Material & Method
Result & Discussions
Conclusion
Introduction
• Common Name : Wheat
• Botanical Name : Triticum aestivum
• Family : Poaceae
• Chromosome Name : 2n = 42
Climatic Requirements: The wheat crops grow well in areas having 375-875mm of rainfall.
Taramira is preferred in low-rainfall areas and grown in medium to high rainfall areas
• Sowing time: October 3rd week to November 1st week
• Seed Rate: Main crop- 100kg/ha
• Mixed crop-10:1
• Spacing: wheat 22.5x 10cm
Introduction
• It is main Rabi season crop in India
• Wheat are use in bread, chappati, microni, pasta and animal feed, etc.
• China, Russia, Ukrain, US and India is leading wheat production in the World
• In India Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and West
Bengal are leading state of wheat production
• In Uttar Pradesh Bulandshahr, Muzzafarnagar, Meerut, Hardoi top wheat
production district in Uttar Pradesh
Review of Literature
• A review of literature on wheat includes studies by various scientists focusing on its cultivation, genetic
improvements, nutritional value, and economic significance.
• For instance, P. R. Shewry discusses wheat's adaptability, gluten properties, and nutritional contributions in
the Journal of Experimental Botany. His work highlights wheat's role in human diets and the challenges of
sustaining production while improving quality.
• Additionally, Hansa Lakhran et al. conducted research on wheat productivity and nutrient content,
emphasizing the impact of sowing temperatures and bio-regulators on yield. Their findings suggest that
optimizing sowing conditions can significantly enhance wheat production under heat stress.
• Furthermore, Bojana Voučko and colleagues explore wheat's role in global food security, addressing climate
change challenges and technological advancements in cultivation. Their editorial discusses breeding
programs aimed at improving wheat resilience and nutritional quality.
• These studies reflect ongoing efforts to enhance wheat sustainability, productivity, and nutritional value
Method & Material
• Sample Design:
• Selection: Banda District, Uttar Pradesh.
• Village Selection: Mawai Buzurg, Chahitara, Kanwara , Jamalpur, Through Random sampling from wheat-growing
blocks
• Farmer Selection: Number of farmers and selection criteria though Random sampling of small, medium, and large farmers.
• Data Collection:
• Method: Primary data collection through structured questionnaires and direct interviews with selected farmers.
• Information Gathered:
• Expenditure on seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, plant protection.
• Labor costs (human, machine).
• Land rent/revenue.
• Interest on working capital.
Method & Material
Classification of Farmers based on land
• Material Used by Farmer S.No. Farmer categories Land in (ha)
• Seeds 1 Marginal Farmer < 1 ha
2 Small Farmer 1 to 2 ha
• Seed Treatment Materials
Semi medium Farmer 2 to 4 ha
3
• Manure and Fertilizers
4. Medium Farmer 4 to 10 ha
• Irrigation Materials 5. Large Farmer >10 ha
• Weed Control Materials
• Tools
• Pesticides and Insecticides
Result & Discussions
• Cost of Cultivation of Mustard per Hectare
Material Rate Required Quantity Total Investment in Ruppees
Seed 35/kg 100kg 3500
Urea 8/kg 200kg 1600
DAP 30/kg 100kg 3000
Plouging with 900/hour 6 hour 5400
Cultivator/seed drill
Labour charge for a 400-/day 12/days 4800
Man per day
Labour charge for a 300/day 12 day 3600
woman per day
Irrigation cost in each 130/hour 5*3 2100
time
Other 5000 3000
Total 27000
S.no Land in(ha/acre) Total Investment Total Production in Total Profit Farmer
quintals
1. 1 ha 27000 32quantal 77600 Marginal
2. 4ha 108000 130q 315250 M
3. 3 bigha 13500 16q 38800 M
.
4. 3ha 81000 105q 254625 Medium
5. 2 ha 54000 65q 157625 Medium
6. 5 ha 135000 170q 412250 Large
7. 2 bigha 7000 8q 19400 Medium
8. 1 ha 23000 35q 84875 Marginal
9. 8 ha 190000 272q 659600 Large
10. 4 ha 90000 128q 310400 Marginal
11. 3 ha 65000 102q 247350 Marginal
12. 2 bigha 6000 13q 31525 Marginal
13. 4 bigha 21000 27q 65475 Marginal
14. 6 ha 150450 210q 505250 Large
15. 3ha 72000 104q 252200 Marginal
Result & Discussions
• Total Production of Wheat in per hactare:
• Total wheat production/hectare in Banda= 35 quantal/ha
• Rate of wheat in Rupees= 2425(MSP)
• Total Rupees= 35*2425 = 84875
• Total Profit= Total Production - Total Investment
• =84875-27000 = 57875
Conclusion
• The cost of cultivation of Rabi wheat in the Bundelkhand region of Banda reflects a
complex interplay of agro-climatic constraints, resource limitations, and socioe-
conomic factors
• However, insights drawn from progressive farming practices, agricultural extension
programs, and policy interventions indicate a substantial scope for improvement
• A concerted effort that combines scientific research, field-level innovation, and
policy implementation is essential for transforming mustard cultivation in Banda
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