LOW-COST

HOUSING
 Introduction
1. As the population grows, the price in every product increases
Including cement and construction material.
2. With the growth in population, the need for residential properties
are marking in all time demand in the construction industry.
3. The environmental effect is also to be considered. Utilization of the
Alternate Materials can put a mark in today's construction for
Environmental Protection and for Cost Reduction.
4. Low-Cost Housing means the total construction cost of
houses(buildings)is minimum (low) by using proper materials,
methods, techniques ,etc.
 BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION

THE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COST CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS NAMELY:

1. Building material cost

2. Labor cost
BUILDING MATERIAL USED IN
CONSTRUCTIONS
LABOUR USED IN CONSTRUCTIONS
 Building
material
Cost
60%- 70%

Total building
construction
cost
Labour cost
30% -35%
CONCEPT OF LOW COST HOUSING

1. Low Cost Housing Aims to reduce the cost of construction and at the same time do
not sacrifice any element of safety or serviceability of the house over the life cycle.

2. In low-cost housing, building material cost is reduced because we make use of the
locally available & low-cost materials.

3. Also, the labor cost can be reduced by properly making the time schedule of our
work.

4. Cost reduction is achieved by selection of more efficient material or by an

improved design.
FACTORS AFFECTING
BUILDING COSTS
1. Expensive materials

2. Lack of necessary building skills & Lack of guidelines in selection of appropriate building practices.

3. Designs

4. Materials

5. Methods

6. equipment
 1. Optimization of land use

VARIOUS 2. Functional design of buildings

ASPECTS
3. Optimum use of building
FOR COST
REDUCTION materials

4. Rationalization of specifications

5. New construction
Technology Selection
Criteria

1. Saving in cost, initial as well as recurring.

2. Saving in consumption of imported or scare materials, even if no saving in cost is achieved.

3. Saving in time of construction.

4. Utilization of waste materials even if no saving is achieved.

5. Saving in quantum of skilled labor even if no saving in cost is achieved.

6. Achieving better utilization of equipment but not necessarily leading to optimum saving in cost.

7. Better utilization of space.

8. Better layout for economy in external services

 1. Scale (Quantity) of construction
Factors
2. Availability of skilled labor
affecting 3. Availability/suitability of raw materials
Choice of 4. Cost variation with conventional materials

Materials & 5. Assortment based on geo-climatic conditions

6. Environmental aspects
Technologi 7. Disaster-resistant requirements
es 8. Acceptability by people
 USE OF
WASTE
PRODUCT
S
 Natural Fibers and Agro-Wastes in
Building Materials
S.no Waste Source Commercial product using natural Traditional resource
fiber & agro-waste fully or partly saved
1 Coir fibre coir industry Coir fibre-cement roofing sheet & panels Asbestos

2 Rice husk rice mill rick-husk- building board, timber board cement Resin- bonded
particle
3 Jute fiber door jute mills Jute-fibre- polymer bonded panel Timber, metal
and window

4 Cotton waste textile mills Cotton-lint- cement bonded board cement Gypsum, timber
5 Bagasse sugar mills Bagasse- polymer-bonded boards Timber fibers (in
insulation board)
S.no Waste Source Commercial product using natural Traditional resource
fiber & agro-waste fully or partly saved

6 Corn cobs corn mill Corn cobs- cement bonded boards Timber, polymer

7 Sisal fibre sisal plant Sisal fiber- polymer/ cement bonded Asbestos fibre, Timber
roofing sheet, door, window

8 Rice straw & farms Compressed and paper covered board Timber, Polymer
wheat straw

9 Banana fibre banana plant Banana fiber cotton pulp/paper pulp and Timber, light weight
polymer insulation boards mineral viz.
vermiculite or mica
Coir fibre Rice husk Jute mills Cotton waste wheat straw

Corn cobs Bagasse Sisal fibre Banana fibre Rice straw

 POTENTIAL USE OF INDUSTRIAL

WASTES
S.no Industrial wastes Source Particulate composite in which used

1 Fly ash Thermal power plants Aggregate, cement, brick.

2 Blast furnace slag Steel plants Aggregate, cement, brick.

3 Byproduct gypsum Phosphoric acid Hydrofluoric acid Gypsum plaster, boards, cement
plants additive.
4 Mine tailings Cu, Zn, Ni, Sn ore beneficiation Blended cement.

5 Byproduct lime sludge Sugar, paper, leather, acety lime Lime, masonry cement, mortar, plaster
plants
S.no Industrial wastes Source Particulate composite in which used

6 Laterite waste Cutting of laterite Building block, aggregate roads

blocks

7 Metallurgical slag Alloys plants Aggregate, blended cement bricks and blocks

8 Broken glass & Glass, ceramic, Aggregate, flooring. roofing

ceramics brick plants

9 Stone quarry waste Stone quarry Blocks, aggregate, flooring paving

10 Limestone waste Limestone Aggregate, flooring, masonry cement, blocks

quarrying and lime
kilns
 Fly ash Blast furnace slag Byproduct gypsum Mine tailings Byproduct lime sludge

Laterite waste Metallurgical slag Broken ceramics Stone quarry waste Limestone waste
Characteristics of Low
Building Materials
1. Easy to manufacture

2. Easy affordability

3. Easy Erection/commissioning

4. Faster & cheaper construction

5. Effective Waste utilization

6. Energy efficient and Environment friendly

 BUILDING MATERIALS

Calcium Silicate Bricks Clay—Fly ash Bricks Burnt Clay Flat Terracing Tiles

Fly ash—Lime Bricks Clay Flooring Tiles Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards
 BUILDING
TECHNOLOGIES
1. Precast Channel Unit for Flooring/Roofing.
2. Precast Reinforced Concrete Joist & Plank system for Flooring/Roofing.
3. Thin R.C. Ribbed Slab for Floors and Roofs.
4. Precast Concrete Waffle Units for Floors and Roofs
5. Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete L Panels for Roofs
6. Precast Doubly-Curved Shell Units for Floors and Roofs
7. Precast Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete Ribbed or Cored Slab Units for Floors & Roofs
8. Reinforced Brick and Reinforced Brick Concrete Slabs for Floors and Roofs
9. Prefabricated Brick Panel for Floors Roofs
 Estimated Cost Saving on using
Innovative Cost-Effective Building
Materials/ Technologies
S.no COST- EFFECTIVE IN PLACE OF CONVENTIONAL % OF
TECHNOLOGIES OPTIONS SAVING
1 85 mm thick sloping RCC RCC 110 mm 30

2 RCC planks over RCC joists RCC 10

3 Ferrocement shell roofing RCC 40

4 RCC door frames Timber Frame 30

5 Frameless doors (only inserts) Frames and shutters 50

S.no COST- EFFECTIVE IN PLACE OF CONVENTIONAL % OF SAVING
TECHNOLOGIES OPTIONS
6 Ferrocement door shutters Timber shutters (second class timber) 30
7 RCC window frames Timber Frames 30
8 RCC jallies Timber Windows/ ventil 50
9 Precast thin lintels RCC lintels 25

10 Ferrocement sun shades-cum-lintel RCC lintel-cum-sunshades 50

11 Precast sunshades Cast sunshades 30

12 Brick arch for lintel RCC lintels 30

13 Precast RCC shelves units Timber/concrete 20-35

14 Precast Ferrocement shelves Timber/concrete 35-45

15 Ferrocement manhole covers Steel/ concrete 50-40

16 Ferrocement water tank Rigid PVC 60
85 mm thick sloping RCC RCC 110 mm RCC planks over RCC joists Ferrocement shell roofing

RCC door frames Timber Frame Frameless doors (only inserts) Frames and shutters
Case-study of
Demonstration
house in
Bangalore
Demonstration house in
Bangalore

PROJECT PROFILE
Name of Scheme: VAMBAY-Ministry of HUPA
Location of site : Laggere, Bangalore
No. of Units: 252 (Ground + 2)
Built-up of each unit: 275 sq. Ft.
Unit consist of: 2BHK
Cost per unit: Rs. 60000
Cost per sq. Ft: 218/-
Nodal State Agency: Karnataka Slum Clearance Board
TECHNOLOGIES/SPECIFICATIONS
Foundation
Random Rubble Stone masonry
Walling
• Solid Concrete Blocks for 200 mm thick walls
• Clay bricks for partition walls
• RCC plinth band for earthquake resistance.
Roof/Floor
• RC Filler Slab using clay bricks as fillers in ground and
first floors
• RC Slab for second floor
• IPS flooring
Doors & Windows
• Pre-cast RCC door frames
• Coir Polymer Door Shutters
• Steel Sheet Window shutters
• Clay jalli in Ventilators
Others
• White wash in internal walls
• External cement plaster
• Waterproof cement paint on external walls
• Precast ferrocement lofts, shelves, chajjas
Case-study of
Demonstration
house in

Nagpur
Demonstration house in
Nagpur

PROJECT PROFILE
Name of Scheme: VAMBAY-Ministry of HUPA
Location of site : Kalamna , Nagpur
No. of Units: 70(Ground + 1)
Built-up of each unit: 181 sq. Ft.
Unit consist of: 1BHK
Cost per unit: Rs.50000/-
Cost per sq. Ft: 275/-
Nodal State Agency: Nagpur Improvement Trust
TECHNOLOGIES/SPECIFICATIONS
Foundation
Under Rimmed Piles
Walling
• Solid / Hollow Blocks using fly ash/gypsum
• RCC Tie & plinth band for earthquake resistance.
Roof/Floor
• RC Filler Slab using blocks
• IPS flooring
Doors & Windows
• Pre-cast RCC door frames
• Ferrocement Door Shutters for main door
• Fly-ash polymer door shutter for toilet
• Cement jalli in Ventilators
Others
• White wash in internal walls
• External cement plaster
• Waterproof cement paint on external walls
Thank you
Sunnam Kaanksha
[email protected]