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Burns and Management PPT MBBS

Burns are injuries to tissues caused by various factors such as heat, chemicals, and electricity, classified by depth from 1st to 4th degree. Initial management includes airway protection, fluid resuscitation using the Parkland formula, and wound care, while complications can include infection and hypovolemic shock. Prevention strategies focus on public education and safe practices to reduce burn risks.

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Kundan Singh
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2K views15 pages

Burns and Management PPT MBBS

Burns are injuries to tissues caused by various factors such as heat, chemicals, and electricity, classified by depth from 1st to 4th degree. Initial management includes airway protection, fluid resuscitation using the Parkland formula, and wound care, while complications can include infection and hypovolemic shock. Prevention strategies focus on public education and safe practices to reduce burn risks.

Uploaded by

Kundan Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Burns: Definition

• Burns are injuries to tissues caused by heat,


electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation.
• They may involve the skin or deeper tissues,
including muscles, bones, and blood vessels.
Etiology of Burns

• Thermal Burns: Flame, scald, contact


• Chemical Burns: Strong acids/alkalis
• Electrical Burns: Low and high voltage
• Radiation Burns: Sunburn, radiation therapy
• Friction Burns: Abrasive injuries
Classification of Burns

• Based on Depth:
• 1st-degree: Superficial (epidermis)
• 2nd-degree: Partial thickness (epidermis +
dermis)
• 3rd-degree: Full thickness (extends to
subcutaneous tissue)
• 4th-degree: Involves muscle and bone
Rule of Nines

• Used to estimate total body surface area


(TBSA) burned
• Head and neck: 9%
• Each upper limb: 9%
• Each lower limb: 18%
• Front of trunk: 18%
• Back of trunk: 18%
• Perineum: 1%
Lund and Browder Chart

• More accurate than Rule of Nines, especially


in children
• Adjusts TBSA based on age and body
proportions
Initial Assessment and
Management

• Airway assessment and protection


• Breathing and ventilation
• Circulation and fluid resuscitation
• Disability (neurological status)
• Exposure and environmental control
Airway Management in Burns

• Look for signs of inhalation injury: hoarseness,


stridor, facial burns
• Early intubation may be needed
• Administer humidified oxygen
Fluid Resuscitation

• Parkland formula: 4 mL x body weight (kg) x


%TBSA
• Half given in first 8 hours, remainder over next
16 hours
• Use Ringer's lactate
Wound Care

• Cool the burn with running water (not ice)


• Clean and debride the wound
• Apply topical antibiotics (e.g., silver
sulfadiazine)
• Use appropriate dressings
Pain Management

• IV opioids (e.g., morphine)


• Non-opioid analgesics as adjuncts
• Sedation for procedures
Infection Control

• Burn wounds are sterile initially but prone to


infection
• Strict aseptic technique
• Topical and systemic antibiotics as needed
Surgical Management

• Escharotomy: Relieves pressure from


circumferential burns
• Debridement: Removal of necrotic tissue
• Skin grafting: Autograft, allograft, synthetic
options
Rehabilitation

• Physical therapy to prevent contractures


• Psychological support
• Scar management with pressure garments,
silicone sheets
Complications of Burns

• Infection, sepsis
• Hypovolemic shock
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Compartment syndrome
• Long-term scarring and disability
Prevention of Burns

• Public education on burn risks


• Safe handling of flammable substances
• Proper use of electrical appliances
• Use of protective equipment

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