Volcanoe
s
Objective
01 02
s 03
Students will be able to Students will be able to Students will be able to
identify the different describe the three explain one positive and
parts of a volcano, from common types of one negative impact of
the crater to the lava. volcanoes. volcanoes.
Volcano
Volcanoes are fascinating geological features
that are formed when molten rock, ash, and
gas escape from the Earth's surface.
They can be found all around the world and
come in many different shapes and sizes.
Some volcanoes are active and erupt
frequently, while others are dormant or
extinct and haven't erupted in many years or
even thousands of years.
Parts of a Volcano
The Magma
Crater Chamb
This is a bowl- er
This is a large
shaped depression underground
at the top of the cavity or reservoir
volcano that forms where molten rock
when the summit (magma) is stored
collapses after an before it erupts.
eruption.
Parts of a Volcano
Conduit
This is a long, narrow channel that
connects the magma chamber to the
surface of the volcano. Magma rises
through the conduit and erupts.
Fumarole
This is a vent on the surface of the volcano
that emits steam, gas, and other
materials. Fumaroles are found near the
summit.
Types of
Shield Volcanoes
Volcanoes
These volcanoes have a broad, gently sloping cone
shape, similar to a warrior's shield laid on the
ground. They are formed by numerous lava flows
that spread out in all directions from a central vent.
Shield volcanoes typically have non-explosive
eruptions and produce thin, runny lava that flows for
long distances.
Types of
Stratovolcanoes
Volcanoes
These are tall, steep-sided volcanoes with a classic,
cone-shaped appearance. They are formed by
alternating layers of lava, ash, and other volcanic
debris.
Stratovolcanoes can have explosive or non-explosive
eruptions and are known for their powerful
explosions and pyroclastic flows.
Types of
Cinder Cones
Volcanoes
These are small, steep-sided volcanoes made up
of loose, pyroclastic material such as ash, cinders,
and volcanic bombs.
They are usually formed by explosive eruptions
that eject the material from a single vent, piling it
up around the vent.
Impacts of
Property damage Water Pollution
Volcanoes
Volcanic eruptions can cause
significant property damage,
Volcanic eruptions can also release
ash and other materials into bodies
particularly if they produce lava flows, of water, which can kill fish and
pyroclastic flows, or lahars. These can other aquatic life, and contaminate
destroy buildings, infrastructure, and drinking water supplies.
agricultural land.
Impacts of
Soil Fertility Geothermal
Volcanoes Energy
Volcanic ash is rich in minerals and can
provide a nutrient-rich soil for plant
Volcanic activity can produce
geothermal energy, which can be
growth. For example, the volcanic soils harnessed for electricity generation
have been known to produce highly and heating. This can provide a clean
productive agricultural land. and sustainable source of energy.
Thank
You!
Experiment Time!
You’ll need:
• Large cardboard boxes or construction
paper (enough for groups of 3-4)
• Playdough or modeling clay in various
colors (red, orange, brown, black, grey)
• Baking soda
• Vinegar
• Liquid dish soap (optional, for a more
realistic flow)
• Small plastic cups or spoons
• Newspaper or plastic tablecloth (to
protect surfaces)
Experiment Time!
Follow these
steps:
1. Group Up: Divide the class into groups of 3-4
students.
4. Eruption Preparation:
• In the magma chamber, add a spoonful of baking
soda.
2. Volcano Construction: Each group gets a box. Cut the • Outside the volcano, students can use brown, red,
top off the box to create a volcano shape with a crater and orange playdough to create different lava flows
opening. Students can decorate the outside with coming down the sides.
markers or crayons to represent mountains and
vegetation. 5. Eruption Time: Carefully pour a small amount of
vinegar mixed with a few drops of dish soap into the
3. Magma Chamber: Inside the volcano, have students magma chamber. Observe the eruption! The baking
create a small hollow space using playdough or soda and vinegar will react, causing a fizzy eruption.
modeling clay to represent the magma chamber where
hot molten rock is stored.
Resources
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