Undefined

Terms of
Geometry
Glecil Joy L. Dalupo
 After going through this
lesson, you are expected
1. to:
Determine the different
basic undefined terms of
geometry;
2. Name the different
OBJECTIVES basic geometric figures
appropriately; and
3. Represent point,
line, and plane using
concrete pictorial
models
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What did the
architect use in
designing the
building?

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What did he consider
in creating attractive
patterns?

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What is
Geometry?

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 Geometry is a branch of
mathematics that deals with
the study of shapes, sizes,
figures, spaces, and all
quantities related to the
things you see on Earth.
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Why do
we do
Geometr
y?

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 We do geometry to
discover patterns, find
areas, volumes, lengths
and angles, and better
understand the world
around us. 9
 The word geometry is a
conglomeration of the
Greek words “geo” and
“metron”.
Geo : means “Earth”
Metron: means
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In short, geometry
is the
mathematical
study of Earth
measurement. 11
Geometry is grounded on
the idea that everything
around us is made up of
smaller geometric units
called points, lines, and
planes.
Euclid
of Alexandria,
Egypt
The Father of
Geometry

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•Points, lines, and
planes are collectively
called UNDEFINED
TERMS.

because of the obvious idea

that it is not possible to
define them formally

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POINT
❖ Has NO part.
❖ Has position but with NO spatial magnitude, size, or
dimension.
❖ Has NO width.

❖ Has NO thickness.

❖ Can be represented by a small dot on paper using

the tip of the pencil.
❖ Locations of places on a map are also an example of
points.
These points are said “Point
A,” “Point L”, and “Point F.”

Points are labeled with a

CAPITAL letter.
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LINE
❑ Is a geometric figure which has NO width.

❑ Has NO thickness.

❑ Is a geometric figure which has NO width.

❑ Extends indefinitely in opposite directions.

❑ Can be imagined to be a very long pencil or rope

where the starting point and the ending point
cannot be seen.

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 o Line
o PQ
Line g

A line, like a point, does not take up

space. It has direction, location and is
always straight.
Lines are one-dimensional because
they only have length (no width).
A line can be named or identified
using any two points on that line or
with a lower-case, italicized letter.
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PLANE
❖ Is a surface which lies evenly with
straight lines on itself.
❖ Is a two-dimensional (2-D) figure that
HAS length and width.

❖ Has NO thickness.

❖ Some physical models of a plane include

wall, floor, and window.
Think of a plane as a huge
sheet of paper that goes
on forever.

Planes are two-

dimensional because they
have a length and a width.

A plane can be classified by

any three points in the
plane.
Plane
ABC
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Some preliminary DEFINED TERMS in geometry:

•1. COLLINEAR points -

three or more points
that lie on a straight
line.
Obviously, two points are
always collinear because
they determine a line.

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 Where do points I, R and S
lie?

How about point H, is point H

collinear with the other three points?
Why?

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Some preliminary DEFINED TERMS in geometry:

2. COPLANAR points -
three or more points lie
on the same plane.

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Where can you locate
point K, L, and M?

When points lie on the same

plane, how will you describe
them?

Describe point N, is point N

coplanar with the other three
points?

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Some preliminary DEFINED TERMS in geometry:

•3. INTERSECTION of two

lines : refers to the
point common to both
lines, that is, the point
that can be found on
both lines.

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Are you ready?

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Corner of a room

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Cable Wire

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Board

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Cover of a Book

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Tip of a pencil

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 Floor

20XX presentation title 42

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Floor

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Edge of a building

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Skipping rope

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Retina of an eye

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Give your
own
example
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Illustrate Me!

1. Illustrate the intersection of two lines. What is their

intersection? Label the lines and the intersection.

2. Illustrate intersecting line and plane. What is the

intersection? Label the figure.

3. Illustrate intersecting line and plane. What is the

intersection? Label the figure.

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• A point is named using a capital
letter.
• A line is named using two capital
letters representing any two
points that lie on the line or using
a lowercase script letter. The line
notation using two points also
includes a double-headed arrow
( ) above of the two capital
letters.
A plane is named using a single
script uppercase letter or using
any three points on the plane that
do not lie on a straight line, in no
specific order. 54
COLLINEAR points - three or more
points that lie on a straight line.
Obviously, two points are always
collinear because they determine a
line.
COPLANAR points - three or more
points lie on the same plane.

INTERSECTION of two lines : refers to

the point common to both lines, that
is, the point that can be found on both
lines.

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A. Name me! Identify what is asked on the following:
1. It is a flat surface that extends infinitely in all
directions.
2. Points that lie on the same line.
3. It is a specific location in space that has no
dimensions.
4. Points that lie on the same plane.
5. It is of infinite length, but it is no width and no
thickness.

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B. Tell whether each represents a point, a line or a
plane.
1. Your desktop
2. The surface of the page of a notebook.
3. The string on a guitar.
4. The ceiling of a room.
5. A broomstick.
6. Electric wire.
7. The floor.
8. A hair strand.
9. A rope.
10. A needle point.
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C. Give the appropriate name of the following
geometric figures.

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D. TRUE or FALSE. Write T if the statement is
true. If false, write F.

20XX presentation title 59

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Postulate vs. Theorem
• Postulate (axiom):
• A statement that is accepted as
true without proof.
• Theorem:
• An important statement that
must be proved before it can be
accepted.
Reading postulates and theorems
• Read carefully.
• Reread each phrase, one at a time.
• Look up any words you do not understand.
• Try to identify conditions.
• Look for key words, if, if and only if, exactly one, exists,
unique, etc.
• Visualize, draw diagrams, or model the situation
• Imagine if it wasn’t true. What would that look like?
Postulates  A line contains at least two
points;

 A plane contains at least three

points not all in one line;

 space contains at
least four points not
all in one plane.
More Postulates
• Through any two points there is exactly one line.
More Postulates
 Through any three
points there is at
least one plane,

 andthrough any
three noncollinear
points there is
exactly one plane.
More Postulates
• If two points are in a plane, then the line
that contains the points is in that plane.
More Postulates
• If two planes intersect, then their
intersection is a line.
p. 24: State a postulate, or part of a postulate, that
justifies your answer to each exercise.
8. Name two points M
that determine line l.
9. Name three points l
that determine N
plane M. B
10. Name the A
intersection of
planes M and N. C
11. Does AD lie in plane
M?
12. Does plane N
contain any points
not on AB?
Theorems
• If two lines intersect, then they intersect in
exactly one point.
Theorems
• Through a line and a point not in the line
there is exactly one plane.
Theorems
• If two lines intersect, then exactly one
plane contains the lines.
Differentiate postulate from theorems. Explain
your answer by providing an example