Structural landforms
horizontal landforms, inclined landforms, massive igneous rock
intrusions
All structural landforms:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10437558/
Horizontal rock strata(layered- parallel to the crust)
• When magma seeps into sedimentary or metamorphic rocks which is layered and thick sills are forme
d.
• Alternating hard sills and softer sills- rock. Hard rock called cap rock at the top.
• Mesa and Butte: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpHACMntGb4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQ3OTRwCyRw
• https://viaafrika.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Gr11-Geography-Study-Guide_LR.pdf
• Over time -the plateau alters due to erosion ( rivers, with downcutting) and develops from a plateau
to eventually being a plain.
• Plateau
• Mesa
• Butte
• Pointed butte
• Conical hill
Most common in northern Cape
Development from plateau to a
plain
A fun project created by students to show the development:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkcydCKxIVc
SECTION A 5
9. Theme/ section in geomorphology for
this diagram
1 4
10. what type of landscape would you
find these features
3
What are these features?
7
6 8
Inclined strata ( happens due to alternating
layers of hard and soft rock)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMw4S9kkj34
• Most important are the concepts of dip ( gentle) slope and scarp ( steep)slope.
• Important link to mapwork here- is a dome ( linked to radial drainage pattern of fluvial
pattern) or basin being formed?
• Which way does the dip slope and the scarp slope point- inwards or outwards?
Determines whether it’s a dome or basin- look at the concentric circles
• Formations:
• Cuestas ( dip slope is inclined at 10 to 23 degrees- steep scarp and gradual dip)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUiJ8EbtujM
• Homoclinal ridges ( dip slope is inclined 25 to 45 degrees with not so gradual dip and a
more steeper scarp)
• Hogsback ( dip slope is inclined at more than 45 degrees and scarp and dip slop are
almost the same)
• What do these features look like: https://slideplayer.com/slide/10437558/
Massive igneous intrusions ( revision
P. 111 Huggett ebook)
• Igneous intrusions into the sedimentary rock.
• Watch igneous intrusions formed: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=A5LdZJiKsVk
• Nb. Magma in the crust but called lava when it pours onto the surface
• Batholith
• Lopolith
• Laccolith
• Sills
• Dykes
• Stocks
• Pipe ( cylindrical allowing magma to flow upwards – volcano on the surface)
SECTION B
10. What section is this diagram from? 8. What feature is
there on the crust
here
9. What viscous material
is on the surface of the
crust here
