The Human Reproductive
System
Grade 8 Science - Introduction
to Reproduction
Kno
w
your
What is the Reproductive System?
• The reproductive system allows
humans to produce offspring.
• It includes organs that work together
to create and support new life.
• There are two types: male and
female reproductive systems.
Male Reproductive System
• Main parts:
• - Testes: produce sperm and
testosterone
• - Scrotum: holds the testes
• - Penis: delivers sperm
• - Vas deferens: transports sperm
• - Urethra: pathway for sperm and
urine
Male Reproductive System
Sperms
• The male gametes are the sperms.
• Each Sperm consists of a head, a
middle piece and a long tail.
Sperm Cell
Sperms
• The male gametes are the sperms.
• Each Sperm consists of a head, a
middle piece and a long tail.
Female Reproductive System
• Main parts:
• - Ovaries: produce eggs and
hormones
• - Fallopian Tubes: where fertilization
occurs
• - Uterus: where the baby develops
• - Vagina: birth canal
• - Cervix: opening to the uterus
🥚 An ovum (plural: ova) is a female reproductive cell —
also called an egg cell.
✅ What does it do?
It joins with the sperm during reproduction.
It carries the mother’s genetic information.
It is bigger than a sperm and does not move on its own
.👉 In short: The ovum is the female cell that helps start a
new life when it joins with a sperm.
Reviewing the Previous
topic
Reviewing the Previous
topic
Reproductive cell
🔹 Both Are Produced in Special Organs
• Sperm are made in the testes (male reproductive organs).
• Ova (eggs) are made in the ovaries (female reproductive
organs).
🔹 An Offspring (baby) can only begin to form when a
sperm meets and joins with an egg cell.
• This process is called fertilization.
Reviewing the Previous
topic
Male Female
Reviewing the Previous
topic
Male Female
Spermcell Ovum / eggcell
Reviewing the Previous
topic
Male Female
Spermcell Ovum / eggcell
Male reproductive organ Female reproductive orga
Reviewing the Previous
topic
Male Female
Spermcell Ovum / eggcell
Male reproductive organ Female reproductive orga
Very Small Larger than sperm
Reviewing the Previous
topic
Male Female
Spermcell Ovum / eggcell
Male reproductive organ Female reproductive orga
Very Small Larger than sperm
Mortile Non-Mortile
Reviewing the Previous
topic
Male Female
Spermcell Ovum / eggcell
Male reproductive organ Female reproductive orga
Very Small Larger than sperm
Mortile Non-Mortile
Oblong with tail Round/
circle
Reviewing the Previous
topic
Male Female
Ovum / eggcell Spermcell
Male reproductive organ Female reproductive orga
Very Small Larger than sperm
Mortile Non-Mortile
Oblong with tail Round/
Very large number circle
Very few
Puberty and Hormones
• - Puberty is when the body becomes
able to reproduce.
• - It starts due to hormone changes.
• - Boys grow facial hair, deeper
voices, and produce sperm.
• - Girls develop breasts, menstruation
begins, and release eggs.
• 🌟 What is Puberty?
• Puberty is the time in life when your body
starts to change from a child into an
adult.
It’s a natural part of growing up, and
everyone goes through it — but not at the
same age or speed.
• 🕒 When does it start?
• Usually between ages 9–14 for girls
• Usually between ages 10–16 for boys
During puberty:
• Your body grows quickly (growth spurt)
• You may grow hair under arms and in
private areas
• Your voice may change (especially for
boys)
• Girls start menstruation (period)
• Boys start producing sperm
• 🔄 What causes puberty?
• Puberty starts when the brain sends a
signal to the body to start making
hormones.
•
These hormones trigger physical,
emotional, and social changes.
• 🧠 Main Hormones in Puberty:
• Girls: Estrogen
• Boys: Testosterone
• Both boys and girls: Growth hormone
and others
• These hormones are like instructions that
tell your body how to grow and change.
Fertilization and Pregnancy
• - Fertilization happens when a sperm
joins with an egg.
• - This forms a zygote, which develops
into a baby in the uterus.
• - Pregnancy lasts about 9 months.
• - The baby is born through the
vagina.
Summary
• - The reproductive system helps in
creating new life.
• - Males produce and deliver sperm.
• - Females produce eggs and support
the baby.
• - Fertilization leads to pregnancy.
• - Puberty prepares the body for
reproduction.
