Decoder and Encoder
Decoder
• The combinational circuit that change the binary information into
2N output lines is known as Decoders. The binary information is
passed in the form of N input lines. The output lines define the 2N-
bit code for the binary information. In simple words,
the Decoder performs the reverse operation of the Encoder. At a
time, only one input line is activated for simplicity. The produced
2N-bit output code is equivalent to the binary information. There are
various types of decoders which are as follows:
2 to 4 line Decoder
• In the 2 to 4 line decoder, there is a total of three inputs,
i.e., A0, and A1 and E and four outputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3.
For each combination of inputs, when the enable 'E' is set
to 1, one of these four outputs will be 1. The block diagram
and the truth table of the 2 to 4 line decoder are given
below.
2 to 4 line Decoder
Block Diagram: Truth Table: Logical circuit:
The logical expression of the term Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3 is as
follows:
Y3=E.A1.A0 Y2=E.A1.A0‘
Y1=E.A1'.A0 Y0=E.A1'.A0'
3 to 8 line decoder
• The 3 to 8 line decoder is also known as Binary
to Octal Decoder. In a 3 to 8 line decoder,
there is a total of eight outputs, i.e., Y 0, Y1, Y2, Y3,
Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 and three inputs, i.e., A0, A1,
and A2. This circuit has an enable input 'E'. Just
like 2 to 4 line decoder, when enable 'E' is set to
1, one of these four outputs will be 1. The block
diagram and the truth table of the 3 to 8 line
encoder are given below.
3 to 8 line decoder
Block Diagram: Truth Table: Logical circuit:
E
The logical expression of the term Y0, Y1,
Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 is as follows:
Y0=A0'.A1'.A2’ Y1=A0.A1'.A2’ Y2=A0'.A1.A2’
Y3=A0.A1.A2’ Y4=A0'.A1'.A2 Y5=A0.A1'.A2
Y6=A0'.A1.A2 Y7=A0.A1.A2
4 to 16 line decoder
• In the 4 to 16 line decoder, there is a total of 16 outputs,
i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2,……, Y16 and four inputs, i.e., A0, A1, A2, and
A3. The 3 to 16 line decoder can be constructed using
either 2 to 4 decoder or 3 to 8 decoder. There is the
following formula used to find the required number of
lower-order decoders.
• Required number of lower order decoders=m2/m1
• m1 = 8
m2 = 16
• Required number of 3 to 8 decoders= =2
4 to 16 line decoder
Block Diagram: Truth Table: Logical circuit:
The logical expression of the term Y0, Y1, Y2,…, Y15 are as follows:
Y0=A0'.A1'.A2'.A3’ Y1=A0'.A1'.A2'.A3 Y2=A0'.A1'.A2.A3‘ Y3=A0'.A1'.A2.A3 Y4=A0'.A1.A2'.A3‘
Y5=A0'.A1.A2'.A3 Y6=A0'.A1.A2.A3‘ Y7=A0'.A1.A2.A3 Y8=A0.A1'.A2'.A3‘ Y9=A0.A1'.A2'.A3
Y10=A0.A1'.A2.A3‘ Y11=A0.A1'.A2.A3 Y12=A0.A1.A2'.A3‘ Y13=A0.A1.A2'.A3 Y14=A0.A1.A2.A3'
Encoder
• The combinational circuits that change the binary information into
N output lines are known as Encoders. The binary information is
passed in the form of 2N input lines. The output lines define the N-
bit code for the binary information. In simple words,
the Encoder performs the reverse operation of the Decoder. At a
time, only one input line is activated for simplicity. The produced
N-bit output code is equivalent to the binary information. There
are various types of encoders which are as follows:
4 to 2 line Encoder
• In 4 to 2 line encoder, there are total of
four inputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3, and two
outputs, i.e., A0 and A1. In 4-input lines,
one input-line is set to true at a time to
get the respective binary code in the
output side. Below are the block diagram
and the truth table of the 4 to 2 line
encoder.
4 to 2 line Encoder
Block Diagram: Truth Table: Logical circuit:
The logical expression of the term A0 and
A1 is as follows:
A1=Y3+Y2 A0=Y3+Y1
8 to 3 line Encoder
• The 8 to 3 line Encoder is also known as Octal
to Binary Encoder. In 8 to 3 line encoder,
there is a total of eight inputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3,
Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 and three outputs, i.e., A0, A1,
and A2. In 8-input lines, one input-line is set to
true at a time to get the respective binary code
in the output side. Below are the block diagram
and the truth table of the 8 to 3 line encoder.
8 to 3 line Encoder
Block Diagram: Truth Table: Logical circuit:
The logical expression of the term A0, A1,
and A2 are as follows:
A2=Y4+Y5+Y6+Y7
A1=Y2+Y3+Y6+Y7
A0=Y7+Y5+Y3+Y1
