Technical Seminar presentation
on
“VEHICLE COLLISION AVOIDANCE USING
MMWAVE RADAR”
Presented by Guided by
C KOUSHIK Prof. DEEPIKA D PAI
1VI21EC025 Assistant Professor
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Literature Survey
• Technical Aspects
• Applications/advantages/limitations
• Conclusion
• References
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT
INTRODUCTION
Collision avoidance systems are critical for improving automotive safety by
preventing accidents. Among various technologies, millimeter-wave
(mmWave) radar stands out for its high precision in detecting surrounding
objects due to its short wavelength and high resolution. Integrating
mmWave radar with PIC microcontroller-based platforms offers a
promising solution for developing effective collision avoidance systems. As
vehicle numbers rise, traditional passive safety features like airbags are no
longer sufficient alone, highlighting the need for proactive technologies
that can predict and avoid collisions in real time.
Date:-23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 1
LITERATURE SURVEY
1. A. P. P. Shunqiao Sun and H. V. Poor, “MIMO radar for advanced driver
assistance systems and autonomous driving advantages and challenges,”
in IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE. IEEE, 2020, pp. 98–
117. It highlights MIMO radar's ability to achieve high angular
resolution with fewer antennas, making it suitable for Advanced Driver-
Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles.
2. C. Waldschmidt, J. Hasch, and W. Menzel, “Automotive radar — from
first efforts to future systems,” IEEE Journal of Microwaves, vol. 1, no.
1, pp. 135–148, Jan 2021. It highlights the shift from hardware-focused
research to sophisticated millimeter-wave systems and RF signal
processing, enabling innovations like MIMO arrays, digital modulation,
radar imaging, and machine learning for enhanced vehicle perception
and safety.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
3. L. Mu, T. Xiangqian, S. Ming, and Y. Jun, “Research on key technologies for
collision avoidance automotive radar,” in 2009 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles
Symposium. IEEE, 2009, pp. 233–236. It discusses advancements in radar signal
processing, target detection, and tracking algorithms, aiming to enhance the
accuracy and reliability of collision avoidance systems in vehicles. The study
emphasizes the integration of these technologies to improve vehicle safety and
reduce accident risks.
4. G. Hakobyan and B. Yang, “High-performance automotive radar: A review of
signal processing algorithms and modulation schemes,” in IEEE SIGNAL
PROCESSING MAGAZINE. IEEE, Sep 2019, pp. 32– 42. It discusses the
limitations of traditional signal processing methods and explores advanced
techniques, including digital modulations like OFDM and PMCW, to enhance
radar performance. The study also addresses interference mitigation strategies
essential for the coexistence of multiple radar sensors in increasingly complex
vehicular environments.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 3
COLLISION AVOIDANCE USING MMWAVE RADAR
• The seminar describes an advanced collision avoidance system
utilizing mmWave radar technology, along with a combination of
sensors and microcontrollers for enhanced detection capabilities and
response mechanisms.
• At the heart of the system lies the mmWave radar transmitter and
receiver. These components emit and receive high-frequency
electromagnetic waves, enabling the detection of objects and
obstacles in the vehicle's vicinity.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 4
COLLISION AVOIDANCE USING
MMWAVE RADAR contd..
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 5
COLLISION AVOIDANCE USING
MMWAVE RADAR contd..
• At the transmitter end, a relay and motor assembly is integrated to
actuate external warning signals or initiate evasive maneuvers in the
event of an impending collision. The relay is controlled by the PIC
microcontroller, which activates the motor to trigger predefined actions
such as sounding an alarm, flashing lights, or applying brakes.
• In addition to the mmWave radar, an ultrasonic sensor is incorporated
into the system to provide supplemental object detection capabilities.
Ultrasonic sensors emit high-frequency sound waves and measure the
time taken for the waves to bounce back after hitting an object.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 6
COLLISION AVOIDANCE USING
MMWAVE RADAR contd..
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 7
COLLISION AVOIDANCE USING
MMWAVE RADAR contd..
• On the receiver side, a NodeMCU board is employed to communicate
with the transmitter unit and relay crucial information to the driver or
autonomous driving system. The NodeMCU receives collision alerts
from the transmitter and activates visual or auditory warnings inside
the vehicle, alerting the driver to potential hazards.
• Furthermore, a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is employed to
detect ambient light levels. This information can be used to adjust the
system's sensitivity and response based on lighting conditions,
ensuring optimal performance in varying environments.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 8
APPLICATIONS
Automotive Safety Systems
• Forward Collision Warning (FCW) for cars/trucks using mmWave
radar + ultrasonic sensors.
• Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) where the PIC
microcontroller triggers brakes via relay.
Industrial Automation
• AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) Obstacle Detection in
warehouses.
• Robotic Arm Safety using mmWave to halt operations when humans
approach.
Smart Infrastructure
• Intersection Collision Alerts using NodeMCU to communicate with
traffic lights.
• Parking Garage Safety with ultrasonic sensors detecting pedestrians.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 9
ADVANTAGES
High-Accuracy Detection
• mmWave Radar: Provides precise object detection (even in
fog/rain) with Doppler-based speed measurement.
• Ultrasonic Sensor: Complements radar for short-range detection
(e.g., parking scenarios).
Multi-Sensor Fusion
• Combines mmWave radar (long-range), ultrasonic (short-range),
and LDR (ambient light adaptation) for robust performance in
diverse conditions.
Rapid Response
• PIC microcontroller enables real-time relay activation (e.g., brakes,
alarms) to mitigate collision risks.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 10
DISADVANTAGES
Complexity
• Integrating mmWave radar with ultrasonic sensors and
microcontrollers requires careful calibration and synchronization.
Environmental Limitations
• mmWave Radar: May struggle with detecting non-metallic objects
(e.g., plastic barriers).
• Ultrasonic Sensors: Affected by temperature/humidity changes and
noisy environments.
False Positives/Negatives
• LDR-based sensitivity adjustments might fail in rapidly changing
light conditions (e.g., tunnels).
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 11
CONCLUSION
Using mmWave Radar presents a comprehensive
evaluation of the system's performance and highlights
key findings. It underscores the effectiveness of
integrating various sensors and components, including a
PIC microcontroller, mmWave transmitter, ultrasonic
sensor, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), relay, motor at
the transmitter, relay, motor, NodeMCU, and mmWave
receiver at the receiver, in creating a robust collision
avoidance mechanism.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 12
REFERENCES
1. A. P. P. Shunqiao Sun and H. V. Poor, “MIMO radar for advanced
driver assistance systems and autonomous driving advantages and
challenges,” in IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE. IEEE,
2020, pp. 98–117.
2. C. Waldschmidt, J. Hasch, and W. Menzel, “Automotive radar — from
first efforts to future systems,” IEEE Journal of Microwaves, vol. 1,
no. 1, pp. 135–148, Jan 2021.
3. L. Mu, T. Xiangqian, S. Ming, and Y. Jun, “Research on key
technologies for collision avoidance automotive radar,” in 2009
IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. IEEE, 2009, pp. 233–236.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 13
4. G. S. Vandana, B. Pardhasaradhi, and P. Srihari, “Intruder
detection and tracking using 77GHz FMCW radar and camera
data,” in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Electronics,
Computing and Communication Technologies (CONNECT).
IEEE, 2022, pp. 1–6.
5. M. Kotur, N. Lukic, M. Kruni´ c, and´ Z. Lukaˇ c, “Camera and
LiDARˇ sensor fusion for 3d object tracking in a collision
avoidance system,” in 2021 Zooming Innovation in Consumer
Technologies Conference (ZINC). IEEE, 2021, pp. 198–202.
Date:- 23 April 2025 Department of ECE, Vemana IT 16
THANK YOU
