ESD BASICS
BASIC CONCEPTS IN ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)
Copyright 2003 DESCO INDUSTRIES INC.
3/02
Introduction
ESD Control Training
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All Materials Tribocharge
ElectroStatic Charge Generation:
When 2 Surfaces in Contact then Separate
Some Atom Electrons Move Causing Imbalance
One Surface Has Positive Charge & One Surface Has Negative Charge
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Examples Of Electrostatic Discharge or ESD
Lightning
Zap from a door
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ESD or ElectroStatic Discharge
Charges Seek Balance Discharge is Rapid Creating Heat
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Two Types of Materials Conductors
Electrical Current Flows Easily So Can be Grounded Can Discharge Examples Metals and People
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Two Types of Materials Insulators
Electrical Current Does Not Flow Easily Cannot be Grounded Example: Plastics
Typically very high charging
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Large Charges Generated All The Time
Walking across a carpet:
1,500 - 35,000 volts
Walking over untreated vinyl floor: 250 - 12,000 volts
Vinyl envelope used for work instructions: 600 - 7,000 volts
Worker at a bench:
700 - 6,000 volts
Unwinding regular tape:
9,000 - 15,000 volts
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People Discharge Frequently
But To feel a Discharge it must be about 3,000 volts
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ESD That A Person Cant Feel Can Easily Damage Electronic Components
100 volts or less can damage components!
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Electronic Component ESD Sensitivity (ESDS)
Human Body Model (HBM)
ESD Class 0: Damage you cant feel: ESD Class 1: Damage you cant feel: ESD Class 2: Damage you might feel: ESD Class 3: Damage you can probably detect as spark with your own body:
0 to 199 Volts
200 to 1,999 Volts
2,000 to 3,999 Volts 4,000 to 15,999 Volts
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Tiny Conductive Paths Can Easily Be Damaged
Smaller components mean greater sensitivity to ESD. Damage to these components can not be detected by the naked eye.
At this magnification we see that 1/2 of the width of the material has been destroyed
At higher magnification, the pit in the area between the base and emitter becomes more obvious
Integrated Circuit
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Types Of ESD Device Damage
Latent Defect
Component wounded But Inspection Passes Catastrophic Failures Inspection Able to detect
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Latent Defects More Costly
Sub Assembly passes inspection Assembly passes inspection Product passes inspection Works a while for customer Then Upsets & Mysterious Problems More Returns More Warranty Costs Lower Customer Satisfaction
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Like Germs, ESD Is The Hidden Enemy
Control Germs
Control ESD
We are aware of sterilization in medicine
We should develop the same attitude about ESD
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The Prerequisites of ESD Control
Identify ESD Area Identify ESD sensitive items Provide ESD control training
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The Basics Of ESD Control
Ground Conductors Shield ESDS When store or transport outside EPA Neutralize insulators with ionizers
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Ground Conductors Including People
Wrist Straps Must work, so test wrist strap daily
Foot Grounders Must work, so test foot grounder daily
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Ground All Conductors in ESD Protected Area
Dissipative WorkSurfaces
Ground ESD worksurface via ground cord to common point ground to equipment ground
Conductive Floor Mats
Ground ESD floor mats via ground cord to equipment ground
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Neutralize Insulators Via Ionizers
Charged Insulators Cannot be grounded Ionizer air flow floods area with Ions - Neutralizing Charge
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Shield ESD Sensitive Items Outside Protected Area
Faraday Cage
Charges Kept on Outside of Package:
Closed Metallized Shielding Bag Covered conductive tote box
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ESD Protected Products Regular Versions changed to be Low Charging and/or Groundable
Remove Insulator or Change to ESD Version ESD Smocks and Gloves Conductive Foam & Shunt Bars
Antistatic or Low Charging Tape
Dissipative Binders & Document Protectors
Dissipative Floor Finishes
Conductive & Dissipative Flooring
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You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The Hidden Enemy
Test Wrist Straps & ESD Footwear daily Keep wrist band snug, foot grounder grounding tab in shoe, & ESD Smocks buttoned up Only trained or escorted people allowed in ESD Protected Area
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You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The Hidden Enemy
Keep work area clean & clear of insulators Handle un-packaged ESD sensitive items only when grounded Visually check all grounding cords to make sure they are connected
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You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The Hidden Enemy
Make sure Ionizers are maintained and air flow is not blocked Use shielded packaging for shipping or storing ESD sensitive items outside the ESD Protected Area
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The Basics Of ESD Control
Ground Conductors including people Neutralize insulators with ionizers
Shield ESDS when store or transport outside EPA
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ESD BASICS
BASIC CONCEPTS IN ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)
Copyright 2003 DESCO INDUSTRIES INC.
