Absolute Value
Equations and
Inequalities
Inequalities Review
● Closed Dot on a number line
includes that number (greater
than/lesser than or equal to)
Open Dot on a number line does not
include that number (greater than or
less than)
Inequalities Review
Interval notation- Solutions that satisfy the
variable
[ ] Up to and including the end numbers of
the interval - [-4,3]- Closed Dots ≤ and ≥
( ) Up to but not including the end numbers of
the interval (-4,3)- Open Dots < and >
Inequalities Review
When an inequality has more than
several intervals of solutions we
represent these disjointed solutions
(and graphs) with the U symbol to
represent or
x < 7 or x≥11
(-∞,7)U [11,∞)
Inequalities Review
Absolute Value- Distance
From Zero
Absolute Value
“Find the number or numbers whose distance from
zero is 5”
Absolute Value
Some number we do not know
is three spaces away from zero
Absolute Value
You Try
Absolute Value
The solution set is {-8,8}
Solving Absolute Value Equations
If P represents an expression and k is a positive
real number
I P I= k….
Then to solve I P I= k we rewrite the absolute
value equation as a compound equation (Two
possible solutions)
P=k or P=-k and solve for P
Solving Absolute Value
Equations
For I P I= k
P can represent numbers, variables or expressions
like
a , 3a +2, ¼t-9 etc
Solve an Equation I ax+b I=
I m+1I= k
5
m+1= 5 m+1= -5
Solve For m
Solution Set {-6,4}
Solve an Equation I ax+b I=
k
Before you can solve an absolute value equation
what must you do?
Solve an Equation I ax+b I=
k
Get the absolute value (common theme!) by itself
Isolate!
Solve an Equation I ax+b I=
k
{-16/3,-4}
Solve an Equation I ax+b I=
k
You try
1)
2)
Solve an Equation I ax+b I=
k
Answers
1) {1,7}
2) {0,24}
Solve an Equation I ax+b I=
k
Some equations have no solution
I 4y - 11 I= -9
The answer “This equation has no solutions” or “Ø”
Solve Absolute Value and Inequalities
IxI ≤ 3 Find the numbers whose
distance from from zero is 3 units or
less
What are some numbers that make
IxI ≤ 3 true?
Solve an Equation I ax+b I =
I cx + d I
IxI ≤ 3
-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3
[-3,3] -3 ≤ x ≤ 3
Solve an Equation I ax+b I =
I cx + d I
Solve, graph the solution, write the
answer in interval notation !
IxI < 9
Solve an Equation I ax+b I =
I cx + d I
(-9,9)
Solve Absolute Value and Inequalities
To Solve I P I ≤ k or I P I < k
Absolute value is less than
Let P be an expression and k be a positive real
number
Solve as -k ≤ P ≤ k or -k < P < k (Compound or 3
part inequality)
Solve Absolute Value and Inequalities
I x I < 4 or -4 < x < 4
Interval Notation: (-4,4)
Solve Absolute Value and Inequalities
Example I n+2 I ≤ 5
Solve inequalities like equations
Solve for n -5≤ n+2 ≤ 5 →
Subtract 2 from all sides -7 ≤ n ≤ 3
Solve Absolute Value and Inequalities
You Try, Solve → Graph → Write in interval notation
I 4-5p I < 16
I 6k+5 I < 13
Solve Absolute Value and
Inequalities
1) (-12/5,4)
2) (-3,4/3)
Solve Absolute Value and Inequalities
You Try, I 4-5p I < 16
-16 < 4-5p <16
-20 < -5p < 12 (Remember to flip signs when
dividing by a -))
Solve Absolute Value and Inequalities
To Solve I P I ≥ k or I P I > k
I P I is greater than k
Let P be an expression and k be a positive real
number
Absolute Value and
IxI≥4
Inequality
P≥k or P≤-k
What are some examples of numbers with absolute
value greater than 4
What will inequality look like ?
Absolute Value and
Inequality
Rewrite x≥ 4 and x≤-4
What numbers have absolute values
of 4 or bigger?
(-∞,-4]U[4,∞)
Absolute Value and
Inequality
I c+ 6 I + 10 ≥ 12
P≥k or P≤-k
Absolute Value and
Inequality
I c+ 6 I + 10 ≥ 12 → You Try I c+ 6 I ≥ 2
c+6 ≥ 2 c+6 ≤-2
c ≥ -4 c ≤-8
(-∞,-8] U [-4,∞)
Absolute Value and
Inequality
I 8q+ 9 I ≥ 7
I k+ 8 I -5 ≥ 9
Absolute Value and
Inequality
(-∞,-2] U [-¼ ,∞)
(-∞,-22] U [6, ∞)
Absolute Value and
Inequality
What about?
Absolute Value and
Inequality
No solution
There is no absolute value less than -6
Absolute Value and
Inequality
What about absolute value is greater than or
equal to zero?
I 2s-1I ≥ 0
Possible solutions?
Absolute Value and
Inequality
(-∞,∞) All real numbers
Absolute Value and
I 4d+7 I +9 Inequality
<9
I 4d+7 I ≤0
Absolute value is less than or equal to zero?
Absolute Value and
Inequality
{-7/4} Only one answer
Absolute Value and
You Try Inequality
I p+4 I > 0
I 5n-7I < -2
I 6y-1 I +3 ≤ 3
Absolute Value and
Inequality
(-∞,∞)
(No solution)
{⅙}
4.1 Plotting Ordered Pairs
The Cartesian plane,
Horizontal number line
x axis
Vertical number line
y axis
4.1 Plotting Ordered Pairs
Where axes
intersect is the
origin
Four Quadrants
divide cartesian
Plotting Ordered Pairs
Each point in the plane is represented
by an ordered pair of real numbers (x,y)
x is horizontal distance
from origin
y is vertical distance
from the origin
Plotting Ordered Pairs
Think pants so you won’t get
confused!!
Example 32,30 (x,y) !
Width first then height
Plotting Ordered Pairs
Graphing, plotting points and applying
graphing are major components of:
● Statistics
● STEM
● Medical
● Psychology
● History/Sociology
Plotting Ordered Pairs
An equation of two variables is written
as an ordered pair so that when the
values are substituted we obtain a true
mathematical statement.
Ordered pairs always
(x,y)
4x+5y =11 for (-1,3)
4(-1) + 5(3) = 11 → -4+15 = 11 True!
Graph a Linear Equation With Two
Variables
For 4x+5y =11 (-1,3) is a correct solution
There are infinite other solutions!
We represent these solutions with a line!
Graph a Linear Equation
With Two Variables
Determine whether each ordered pair is a solution of
the equation -¾x+5=y
1) (12,-4)
2) (0,7)
3) (-8,11)
Graph a Linear Equation
With Two Variables
1) yes
2) no
3) yes
Graph a Linear Equation With Two
Variables
For 3x=y
3(4)=12
Graph a Linear Equation With Two
Variables
The Graph of a linear equation in two variables is a
straight line.
Every Point on the line is a solution.
If you find three points for an equation you can graph
a line for the equation.
Graph a Linear Equation With Two
Variables by plotting points
Plot the points, connect them with a line:
Graph a Linear Equation With Two
Variables
Points:
(0,0)
(1,3)
(2,6)
(3,9)
(4,12)
Graph a Linear Equation With Two
Places where an equation crosses an axis are called
Variables
intercepts.
x intercept is the point where the graph intersects
the x axis ( x , 0)
y intercept is the point where the graph intersects
the y axis (0 ,y)
Graphing by Finding
Intercepts
To find the x-intercept let y =0, solve for x
To find the y-intercept let x=0,solve for y
Graphing by Finding
Intercepts
Graph the line y=3x+6
x intercept=(-2,0)
0=3x+6
y intercept = (0,6)
y=3(0)+6
Graphing by Finding
Intercepts
x=a y=b
x=a (x+0y=a)
If a is a constant then the graph x=a is a vertical line
going through the point (a,0)
Because for any y value the x value will not change
a=x y=b
y=b (0x+y=a)
If b is a constant then the graph y=b is a horizontal
line going through the point (0,b)
Because for any x value the y value will not change
x=a y=b
The equations x=a and y=b indicate horizontal and
vertical lines
Graph a Line
Find 3 points, graph each line:
1) 3x+2y=6
2) y= 4x-8
Graph a Line
3x+2y=6
Graph a Line
y=4x-8
Summary
4.1 is primarily about plotting points and finding
solutions to equations.
Example problems look like:
● Determine if the ordered pair is a solution
4x-y=9 (1,-5)
Summary
● Complete the ordered pair
y=-6x+10 (-3, )
● Complete the table of values for an equation
y=x-11 x y
¾
Summary
● Plot the ordered pairs on the coordinate system
(5,2) , (-4,3) , (-2,-5)
● Find intercepts graph the equation 4x+9y=5
● Complete the table and graph the line
Slope
We notice that some lines
are steeper than others
We also notice that some
have different “slants”.
Slope
Slope of a line is a measure of a line’s steepness
It is the ratio of vertical change in y to horizontal change in x.
Slope is denoted by the letter m ie m=7/2
Also Rise/Run= Slope
How much up/down compared to how much left/right?
Slope
Also known as the rate of change or rise over run.
m=(⅔)
(For every 2 vertical
units of change there are 3 horizontal)
Slope
What does this sign mean?(Slope and road)
Slope
The slope of a skateboard ramp is 7/16 where the
dimensions are in inches.
What does this mean?
Finding Slope Given Two
Points
Vertical change is known as rise.
Horizontal change is known as run.
Finding Slope Given Two
Points
To find the slope of a line given two points use the
following formula:
It does not matter which ordered pair is x1 y1
As m gets bigger slopes get steeper
Types of Slope
Positive Slope: Slants upward from left to right. As
the value of x increases so does the value of y.
Negative Slopes: Slants downward from left to right.
As the value of x increases the value of y decreases
Types of Slope
Zero Slope: The slope is zero, a horizontal line and
y=b y=0x+b
Undefined Slope: The slope is undefined, a vertical
line and x=a y=0/x+b
Slope
Find the slope
1) (5,8) (-2,8)
2) (4,6) (4,1)
Types of Slope
Slope
Find the slope for the lines that run through these
points.
1) (4,6), (2,3)
2) (-1,2) , (4, -1)
3) (-3,-1) , (4,3)
4) (-4,6) , (2,0)
Slope
1) m=3/2
2) m=-⅗
3) m=4/7
4) m=-1
Slope
We have seen how to graph a line with two points
from that line.
We can also use the slope and one point on the line
to graph the line
Slope
We have seen how to graph a line with two points
from that line.
We can also use the slope and one point on the line
to graph the line
Slope of a Line
Example.
If you are given the point (-1,-2)with a
slope 3/2 :
We can assume there is a point
“slope” units away or 2 to the right
and 3 up!
Slope of a Line
If you are given the point (-1,-2)with a
slope 3/2:
We can find a point 3 vertical units up
and 2 horizontal units over
(-1,-2) -1+2 = 1 3+-2=1 (1,1)
Slope of the Line
We can find another point by adding a
slope unit to (1,1) 3/2
y x
1+3=4 1+2=3 → (3,4)
Now you can graph!
Slope of the Line
You Try
Find two other points by graphing
(0,1) with a slope of -1/1
Slope of a Line
You Try
(-2,1) with a slope of -3/2
Slope
If we solve for m the slope and one of our points is a
y intercept (0,b) we can
rewrite as m=
or m=
Slope
If we solve for y from m=
mx=y-b → mx+b=y
We can now quickly identify the y intercept!
Slope
The slope intercept form of a line is y=mx+b
m is the slope
y=mx+b
(0,b) is y intercept
Slope Intercept Form
The Slope Intercept Form of a Line: y=mx+b
Quickly recognize the slope and y intercept!
Graph a line by substituting points
Examples: y=3x-4, or y= -1/7x+10
Slope Intercept Form
Graph each line using its slope and y intercept
y=3x-4
y=1/2x
5x+3y=12
Slope Intercept Form
y=3x-4
Slope Intercept Form
y=1/2x
Slope Intercept Form
5x+3y=12 → y=-5/3x + 4
● Standard form
to
● Slope intercept f
Solve for y
Slope Summary
Methods for Graphing a Line:
1. Make a table of points, plot the points and
draw a line through the points.
2. Let y=0, find the x intercept, let x=0 find the
y
intercept. Plot these points and connect
3. Put the equation into slope intercept form,
