LECTURE 1
PRESENT
TENSES
PRESENT TENSES
⮚ Present Simple
⮚ Present Continuous
⮚ Present Perfect
⮚ Present Perfect
Continuous
Present
Simple
Present Simple
FORM EXAMPLES
He lives in Hanoi.
(+) S + V/ V-es + O
I live in Hanoi.
He doesn’t live in
(-) S + don’t/ doesn’t +
Hanoi.
V+O
I don’t live in Hanoi.
(?) Do/ does + S + V+ Does he live in Hanoi?
O? Do you live in Hanoi ?
Spelling of “s/es”
forms
Enjoy ->
A vowel + y
enjoys
-> add “s”.
Buy -> buys
Verbs that
end in -Y Study -> A consonant
Studies +y
Try -> Tries -> “ies”.
Verbs that
Fix -> Fixes ch, sh, s, ss,
end in ch,
Watch x, o
sh, s, ss, x,
-> Watches -> add “es”.
o
1. Habits/Things that
happen repeatedly
›She usually
gets up at 6
a.m.
›He often
goes to work
at 7.30.
Adverbs of Frequency
I always do my homework, and I
often ask the teacher for help.
I am usually late for
class, and I never do my
homework.
Adverbs of Frequency
I always do my homework, and I
often ask the teacher for help.
I am usually late for
class, and I never do my
homework.
Adverbs of Frequency
🡪 How often something
happens.
100%
always
usually
He rarely/never
studies. often
He sometimes
sometime
studies. s
50%
rarely
He
always/usually/ofte never
n studies. 0%
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency come
after the verb “be”.
She is sometimes late.
The students are never bored.
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency usually
come before other verbs.
She often checks her answers.
He usually pays attention in
class.
Work with a partner. Describe your
study habits. Use adverbs of
Practice 1 frequency and the phrases below.
1) ask the teacher for help 100%
always
2) be early to class usually
often
3) do my homework sometime
s 50%
4) review my grammar notes
rarely
5) be attentive in class
never
0%
2. General things & scientific
facts.
✔ The Earth
revolves
around the Sun.
✔ Water freezes
at 0 degree
centigrade.
3. Jokes, stories, tales, sport
events…
›Two people walk into
the restaurant. One of
them says to the
waiter...
›Henry kicks the ball.
It’s a goal!
›In the film, the woman
wears a red skirt.
Present
Continuous
Present Continuous
Structure Examples
(+) S + am/is/are + Ving + O. I am working.
(-) S + am/is/are + not + Ving He is not
+ O. sleeping.
Are they
(?) Am/Is/Are + S + Ving + O?
coming?
Spelling of “-ing”
form
If a verb ends with “–e”, leave - leaving
drop the final -e and take - taking, receive -
add “–ing.” receiving
In a one-syllable word, if
the last three letters are
sit - sitting
consonant-vowel-
run – running
consonant (CVC),
hop - hopping
double the last
consonant before
adding “-ing”.
However, do not double sew - sewing
the last consonant in fix - fixing
word that end in w, x, or enjoy - enjoying
Present Continuous talks
about
1. Actions happening at
the moment of speaking
2. Temporary situations
3. Actions which occur
regularly when a complain
is implied
1. Actions happening at
the moment of speaking.
Listen! The birds are I am studying
singing. now.
2. Temporary situations
I am reading an
interesting book at
the moment. I’ll
lend it to you when
I finish it.
3. Actions which occur
regularly when a complain is
implied
Jane is always eating fast food. It’s
not good for her health.
Frequently Used
ADVERBS
Now
Right now
Today
At present
At the
moment
STATE VERBS & ACTION
VERBS
State Verbs Action Verbs
Refer to something staying
Describe something happening
the same
Love Smile Speak
Talk Stand up
Think
Like Drink Run
Recognize Sneeze Listen
Consist
Contain
STATE VERBS
TYPE EXAMPLES
Know, realize, believe,
Mental state understand, feel, think,
remember, forget, want
Love, like, hat, dislike,
Emotional state mind, surprise, envy,
appreciate, prefer, fear
Sense perception Taste, smell, hear, feel, see
Possession Possess, own, have, belong
Seem, appear, resemble,
Other existing state cost, owe, weigh, equal, be,
exist, consist of, contain
Present
Present Simple
Continuous
Actions happening at
Repeated actions
the moment of speaking
E.g: Colin plays football
E.g: Look! Colin is playing
every Tuesday.
football now.
Permanent situations Temporary situations
E.g: My parents live in E.g: I’m living with some
London. They have lived friends until I find a place of
there all their lives. my own.
“Always” – complain
“Always” – frequency
E.g: You are always playing
E.g: I always go to work by computer games. You
car. should do something more
Present Perfect
Present Perfect
Form Examples
(+) S + have/has + He has read this
Vpp + O book.
(-) S + have/has + not He hasn’t read
+ Vpp +O this book.
(?) Have/has + S + Vpp Has he read this
+ O? book?
1. Situation which started in
the past and is connected to
the present
1. Situation which started in
the past and is connected to
the present
2. Life experience
Are you
- short time ago hungry? - No,
Just - comes before P2. I’ve just had
lunch.
- emphasizes that an He has already
Alread action has happened. finished his
y - comes before P2 or assignment.
at the end of the
sentence.
- I haven’t seen
- an action is not
the email yet.
completed at present.
Yet - at the end of
- Has it
stopped
negative sentences & raining yet?
questions.
I have already eaten sushi
before.
She hasn’t visited Germany yet.
They have seen this movie already.
We have just met your
mother.
My brother hasn’t started
school yet.
For Since
Since + a specific
For +
two hours
duration 20 8moment
o’clock in the 2001
past
minutes April
a long time six Monday
months lunchtime we
a week ages arrived
E.g: She has worked for E.g: She has worked for
this company for three this company since
months. June.
Present Perfect
Continuous
FORM EXAMPLE
(+) S + have/ has It has been raining
+ been + Ving all day
(-) S + have/has Our team hasn’t
+ not + been + been doing very
Ving well lately
(?) Have/has + S Have you been
+ been + Ving ? waiting long ?
To describe actions that
started in the past and
continue in the present.
P. Perfect or P. Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect
Continuous
- Emphasizes the
result. - Emphasizes the
- How many, How duration.
much, How many - How long.
times.
E.g: I’ve been
E.g: They’ve played playing tennis all
tennis three times morning.
this week.
