TYPOGRAPHY
What is Typography?
Typography refers to the arrangement of
text on a page, and appears in some form
or another in all instances of written
communication.
Quality typography can make a big
difference in communications, because it
can impact the way the reader sees and
feels about the topic being discussed.
Typography
Typography is the study of type and type
faces, the evolution of printed letters.
Since man did not begin to write with
type, but rather the chisel, brush, and
pen, it is the study of handwriting, that
provides us with the basis for creating
Typography
An alchemist named Pi Sheng appears to
have conceived of movable type around
1041-1048 AD.
Each piece of movable type had on it one Chinese
character which was carved in relief on a small block of an
amalgam of clay and glue. The portion that formed the
Typography
The Chinese invented paper money at the end of
the eighth or
beginning of the ninth century AD. Its original name
was 'flying
money' because it was so light and could blow out
of one's
hand.
Sometime in the 13th century, paper money and
When the Italian merchant Marco Polo visited China
during the Song Dynasty in 1271, he found a place
far more technologically advanced than anywhere
in Western Europe.
In 105 A.D., Ts’ai Lun invented the process for
manufacturing paper, introducing the first use in
China.
The first printed newspaper was available in Beijing
Typography
The Chinese invention of moveable type did not
significantly impact Chinese society.
Three hundred years later in Europe,
Gutenberg's development of moveable
type revolutionized the Western world.
The English language,
uses 26 characters in
an average newspaper as
against the five thousand
letters of
Chinese.
Typography
The first independent type founder was a
French gentleman by the name of Claude
Garamond
Garamond based his type on the roman
font of Griffo.
Typography
Before Garamond's independent practice,
men such as Jenson, Griffo, and Caxton
played specific roles in the development
of type.
Jenson perfected the roman type.
Caxton conceived a gothic font.
Griffo developed italic.
Several of the fonts we see on our computers'
have evolved from the work of type founders* of
Typography
*Type founder is the person melting lead
and pouring it into dies to cast the fonts in
his foundries.
Typographic terminology
1. Ascender Line 6. Ascender
2. Base line 7. X-height
3. Ascender line 8. Cap(ital letter) line
4. Capital letter height 9. Mean Line
5. Descender 10. Descender line
Strokes
1. Instroke
2. Stem
3. Rounded stroke
4. Outstroke
Strokes
1. Instroke
2. Rounded stroke
3. Outstroke
Strokes
1. Instroke
2. Ascender
3. Horizontal
stroke
4. Stem
5. Serif bracket
Strokes
1. Serif bracket
2. Arch
3. Stem
4. Right stem
Strokes
1. Serif bracket
2. Stem
3. Outstroke
Strokes
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] stroke
4. Diagonal
5. Outstroke
Strokes
1. First arch
2. Second arch
3. Stem
4. Middle stem
5. Right stem
Strokes
1. Rounded stroke
[Link]
Strokes
1. First diagonal
[Link]
diagonal
3. Third diagonal
[Link] diagonal
Strokes
1. First diagonal
2. Second
diagonal
Finer elements & terminals
(open, upper)
counter
(closed, lower)
counter
bowl
Finer elements & terminals
(upper) serif
bowl
counter
spur
Finer elements & terminals
(upper, ascender)
serif
bowl
counter
(bottom) serif
Finer elements & terminals
counter
bar
spur
Finer elements & terminals
tear-drop terminal
bar
Finer elements & terminals
(upper wedge)
serif
(bottom) serif
Finer elements & terminals
ear
counter
loop
Finer elements & terminals
dot
serif
tail
Finer elements & terminals
(upper, ascender)
serif
(upper right) serif
(bottom left) serif
tail
Finer elements & terminals
(upper left) serif
(bottom left) serif
(bottom middle)
serif
(bottom right)
serif
Finer elements & terminals
spur
bowl
counter
serif
Finer elements & terminals
(upper left) serif
bulbous terminal
(bottom) serif
Finer elements & terminals
(upper, wedge)
serif
spine
(bottom, wedge)
serif
Finer elements & terminals
apex
(left) corner
(middle) corner
(right) corner
(left) vertex
(right) vertex
Finer elements & terminals
(left) serif
(right) serif
corner
tail
Finer elements & terminals
bulbous terminal
Finer elements & terminals
apex
counter
bar
Finer elements & terminals
(upper) counter
(upper) bowl
(lower) counter
(lower) bowl
Finer elements & terminals
(upper left) serif
(uper) arm
(upper right) serif
bar
(bar) serif
(left bottom) serif
(bottom) arm
(right bottom)
serif
Finer elements & terminals
(upper, wedge)
serif
counter
(bottom) serif
spur
Finer elements & terminals
counter
tail
Finer elements & terminals
(upper) counter
bowl
(lower) counter
tail
