Unit 5
Development of IPM and IDM modules,
implementation and impact of IPM and IDM, case
studies of important IPM and IDM programmes,
social and legal attributes: political, social and
legal implications of IPM and IDM
Development of integrated disease management (IDM) module
for major diseases in bitter gourd
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is the nutritious vegetable crop,
belonging to family Cucurbitaceae, grown extensively in India and
throughout south-east Asian countries.
It is highly beneficial in treating blood disorders, liver disorders, eye
problems, alcohol detoxification and respiratory disorders
Nagendran et al., 2020
Diseases
Naturally, bitter gourd has been reported to be infected by many biotic and abiotic
factors. Among biotic factors, fungal diseases like downy mildew
(Pseudoperonospora cubensis), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum, and
Sphaerotheca fuliginea), leafspot (Cercospora citrullina) and mosaic disease
caused by cucumovirus (Cucumber mosaic virus, Bittergourd yellow mosaic virus)
are major obstruction to bittergourd cultivation in India
Development of effective IDM modules needs to formulate with the
inclusion of different components such as cultural, biological and chemical
methods to minimize the yield losses
Materials and methods
A field experiment was conducted at research farm of Indian Institute of
Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi for three consecutive years during 2016 to
2019. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with seven
treatments and three replications on bittergourd cv. Kalyanpur Barahmasi.
The details of different integrated disease management (IDM) modules devised
for bitter gourd disease management are described in Table 1.
The efficacy of different modules evaluated based on its effect on percent disease index (PDI) of different
diseases (downy mildew and powdery mildew). Totally 50 leaves were selected randomly from each plot
and grading has been done based on 0-5 scale. Disease score chart used for estimating PDI for different
diseases are as follows
Different IDM modules tested, lowest disease severity for downy mildew and
mosaic disease were recorded in T6 followed by T5
Module T6 comprising of border cropping with bajra; use of black silver
mulching sheet; seed treatment with coordinated compound of carbendazim
12%+ mancozeb 63%; soil drenching with captan 70% +hexaconazole 5% WP
and sequential application of imidacloprid 17.8 SL + Neem oil, captan 70 %
+hexaconazole 5% WP, imidacloprid 17.8 SL + Neem oil and fosetyl-Al as
foliar spray has reduced severity of mosaic disease and downy mildew by 39 –
40% in comparison to control.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the need-based application of plant
protection measures in IDM module may reduce the
indiscriminate use of pesticides to attain safer and
economic vegetable cultivation. In future, the devised
module may undergo refinement according to the disease
changing scenario and feasibility of IDM components
availability for bitter gourd cultivation.
Development of an organic integrated pest management (IPM)
module against insect-pests of muskmelon in arid region of
Rajasthan, India.
