MANAKULA VINAYAGAR

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering
PHASE II – Review
Batch No-05
THE EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF AN
HOUSEHOLD REFRIGERATOR EQUIPPED WITH A LATENT HEAT
STORAGE UNIT
Team members
KISHOREKUMAR.S (21TB0045) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
VIKNESH.P (21TB0052)
DANISHKUMAR.S (21TBL012) Mr.R.ILANDJEZIAN M.Tech., (Ph.D).,
Assistant Professor
 AIM & OBJECTIVE
 The project that we are doing is aimed to maintain the temperature of the
refrigerator when the power supply is cut off.

This project deals with the phase change materials which is used store the
thermal energy for further usage.

By using this phase change materials in refrigerator the energy consumed by the
compressor can be drastically controlled.
 ABSTRACT
• This work investigates the design and operation of a thermal storage refrigerator.
Firstly, compressor performance at a range of typical refrigerator operating
conditions were going to be analysed.
• The model results suggest that refrigerator compressors are more efficient when
running.
• A method is proposed for exploiting the superior performance of refrigerator
compressors by accumulating their high cooling capacity output in a phase change
material (PCM), reducing the number of on/off cycles.
• Numerical modelling and experimental validation were to be undertaken using a
prototype thermal storage refrigerator, incorporating a PCM, to estimate the PCM
charge and discharge rate and the corresponding refrigerator on and off cycle
durations at different ambient conditions.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
S.No Title of the Paper with Date of Publication, Journal Observation from paper Remarks
Name, Author Name

This paper presents a first step in the This paper presents a first step
design of an improved refrigerator using in the design of an improved
phase change material as a cold storage. A refrigerator using phase
simplified dynamic model based on change material as a cold
R. Fioretti et al. differential equations is developed for storage. A simplified dynamic
1 Energy Conversion and Management 122 (2016) predicting the energy impact due to the model based on differential
addition of the PCM. equations is developed for
predicting the energy impact
due to the addition of the
PCM.

2 Zhongbao Liu a,b,*, Danfeng Zhao a, Qinghua Wang c, Yuanying The air-cooled frost-free refrigerator has In the process of compressor
Chi b, Lingfei Zhang d a become the main power consumer among OFF-time, PCM restrained the
house hold appliances.This study presents air temperature in the fresh
The Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering,The a new air-cooled household refrigerator food compartment and the
College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing that uses PCM in the fresh food and temperature of the M-packs in
University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan Road, Chaoyang, freezing chambers. Operational the freezing
Beijing 100124, China characteristics and performance test compartment.Using PCM can
(12 April 2017) results are provided in the conditions of guarantee that the average
off-peak refrigeration with PCM and temperature of the fresh food
conventional refrigeration with/without compartment does not exceed
PCM. 8 °C, and the average
temperature of M-packs in the
freezing chamber does not
exceed to 18 °C.
 Title of the Paper with Date of Publication,
S.No Journal Name, Author Name Observation from paper Remarks

Md. Imran H. Khan Science & Engineering The contrivance of the refrigeration This review paper presents a
Faculty, Queensland University of Technology 2 system in the 21st century is one of the comprehensive review of the
3 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia worthiest ¯ndings for human history.1 application of PCM with the
Mechanical Engineering Department Dhaka The great invention lets nature be conventional refrigeration
University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, controllable, however, also accelerates system. For designing a PCM-
Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh energy crisis and environmental based refrigerator system, many
pollution, that leads to massive global important factors should be
warming problem. considered that are discussed in
this paper.
A.C. Marquesa,b,*, G.F. Daviesa, G.G. Firstly, compressor performance at a The compressor performance
Maidmenta, J.A. Evansa, I.D. Woodb a range of typical refrigerator operating analysis demonstrated that in
Department of Urban Engineering, London South conditions was analysed. The model general, larger compressors are
4 Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 results suggest that larger compressors more efficient, with isentropic
0AA, UK bAdande Refrigeration, 45 Pinbush are more efficient when running, with ef f iciency increasing by 50%
Road, South Lowestoft Industrial Estate, isentropic efficiency increasing by as the displacement increased
Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 7NL, UK 50% as the displacement increased from 4 to 8cm3.
from 4 to 8 cm3.
S.No Title of the Paper with Date of Observation from paper Remarks
Publication, Journal Name,
Author Name

Martinez PJ, Pinazo JM, This PCM system has significantly decreased Energy consumption tests have
Velázquez A. Passive thermal the rate of temperature increase inside the shown that heat loads resulting
energy storage inrefrigerated freezerduring defrosting and power loss. from door openings and defrost
trailers. ASHRAE Trans 2003:324– Energy consumption was measured during cycles increase the energy
8. steady operation, a defrostcycle of 30 min, consumptionof the freezer by
and a scheme of eight door openings at 40 11–17% and 15–21%
minintervals. It was found that heat loads respectively. Theinclusion of
5 caused greater energy consumption, and that PCM into the freezer has
the presence of PCM during defrosting and decreased the energy
door openingsresulted in slightly lower consumption during a defrost
energy consumption compared to without cycle by 8%, and by 7% during
PCM. door openings for this system.
 COMPONENTS USED
 Refrigerator
 PCM-Slab
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate slat
 Distilled water
Thermostat
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS

PCM-Slab
Distilled water
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE
Load condition with respect to
capacity of refrigerator
By using
0%
25%
50%
75%
100% volume of the refrigerator
 TEMPERATURE READING

INITIAL TEMPERATURE SET TEMPERATURE

ENERGY CONSUMPTION TEST READING:
S.NO LOAD CONDITION IN INITIAL SET TIME TO POWER
(LITERS) TEMPERATURE] TEMPERATURE REACH SET CONSUMPTIO
(°C) (°C) TEMPERATURE N IN (KW)
(°C)

1 46 (25%) 32°C 18°C 6hrs 3.76Kw/h

2 92 (50%) 32°C 18°C 6hrs 7.52 Kw/h

3 138 (75%) 32°c 18°C 6hrs 14.1 Kw/h

4
184 (100%) 32°C 18°C 6hrs 15.04 Kw/h
Energy consumption test :

Time started : 11:20Pm

6hrs
To be end at : 5:20 Pm

Energy consumption :

without load = 0.27kwh

Without Load :

23(lit) = 0.28 / 6hrs

Time Started : 10:40 AM
End at : 04:40 PM

6hrs = 0.28 X 4
= 1.12Kw/h per day

= 0.75kwh
With Load:

For (25%) = 46(lit)

= 0.94Kw/h (for 6hrs)
=0.94x4
= 3.76Kw/h

For (50%) = 92(lit)

= 1.88Kw/h (for 6hrs)
= 1.88x4
= 7.52Kw/h

For(75%) = 138(lit)
= 1.88x0.25
= 0.47+1.88
= 2.35Kw/h 14.1Kw/h

For (100%) = 184(lit)

= 15.04Kw/h
 Power Consumption & its cost per month without PCM :

Power consumed in one hour = 0.2 Kw Power consumed in a day.

= 0.2 × 24 = 4.8 Kw/day

Power consumed per month = 4.8×30

= 144 Kw/month.
Now ,

f we consider 3₹ cost for 1Kw-hr (Kwh) Electricity cost per day = 4.8×3

Electricity cost per day = 14.4 ₹Electricity cost per month = 14.4×30

Electricity Cost Per month = 432₹

 Power Consumption & its cost per month with PCM :

Power consumed in one hour = 0.1Kw Power comsumed in a day.

= 0.1 × 24 =2.4 Kw/day

Power consumed per month = 2.4 × 30

= 72 Kw/month.
Now ,

If we consider 3₹ cost for 1Kw-hr (Kw) Electricity cost per day = 2.4×3

Electricity cost per day = 7.2 ₹ Electricity cost per month = 7.2×30

Electricity Cost Per month = 216 ₹

LOAD CALCULATION

Load calculation for (25%) of 180(lit)

= 46(lit) kept inside the refrigerator

INFILTRATION LOAD :

Refrigerator infiltration load calculation involves determining the heat

gain due to air exchange when the refrigerator or cold storage door is
opened. This is important for sizing refrigeration systems efficiently.

Estimating Air Infiltration Volume:

Air infiltration depends on:

 Door Openings – Frequency and duration of door openings

 Door Size – Larger doors allow more air exchange
 Stack Effect – Hot air entering at the top and cold air leaving at the
bottom
 Fan-Induced Air Movement – Additional air movement due to
ventilation
  Testing standards:

BIS (BEAURU OF INDIAN STANDARDS ) 17550

 Part 1
 Part 2
 Part 3

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Sectional Committee had been approved by the Mechanical
Engineering Division Council. These household refrigerating appliances, which are factory-assembled
and cooled by internal natural convection including mechanical and absorption type (direct cool) or
forced air circulation (frost-free), were earlier covered in two separate standards that is, IS 1476
(Part 1) and IS 15750 respectively.
 FLOW CHART
PROCESS

Selecting PCM Material

Set PCM Material on

condenser & evaporator

Measure COP Compare Measure COP

Measure temperature of Measure temperature od

condenser evaporator & Compare condenser evaporator &
compressor compressor

Calculate COP Compare Calculate COP

 References
• W. F. Stoecker and J. W. Jones, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 2nd edn. (McGraw-Hill Book
Company, NY, 1982).
• Energy Information Administration (EIA). Home energy use and costs: Residential Energy Consump tion
Survey (2004), (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ recs/contents.html.).
• D. Y. Liu, W. R. Change and J. Y. Lin, Performance comparison with e®ect of door opening on variable
and ¯xed frequency refrigerators-freezers, Appl. Therm. Eng. 24 (2004) 2281–2292.
• T. M. I. Mahlia, H. H. Masjuki, R. Saidur, I. A. Choudhury and A. R. NoorLeha, Projected elec tricity
savings from implementing minimum energy e±ciency standard for household refrigerators in Malaysia,
Energy 28 (2003) 751–754. [1] S.F. Pearson, 17th Informatory Note on Refrigerating Technologies: How
to Improve Energy Efficiency in Refrigerating Equipment, International Institute of Refrigeration, 2003.
• D. Coulomb, Refrigeration and cold chain serving the global food industry and creating a better future:
two key IIR challenges for improved health and environment, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 19 (2008)
413e417.
• P. Manini, G. Pastore, P. Di Gregorio, Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) Tech nology: A Viable Route to
Reduce Energy Consumption in Domestic, A.C. Marques et al. / Applied Thermal Engineering 63 (2014)
511e519 519 Industrial and Civil Applications, in: EURO Cooling & Heating, Centro Studi Galileo, 2003
(Online). Available: http://www.eurocooling.com/public_html/ articlesaesgetters.htm (accessed 15.03.11).
 CONCLUSION

• The integration of a latent heat storage (PCM) unit into a conventional refrigeration
system significantly enhances thermal performance and energy efficiency. The
experimental results confirmed that the use of phase change materials (PCMs) in the
Latent Heat storage unit helps maintain a more stable internal temperature and reduces
compressor cycling frequency.

• Overall, the study demonstrates that incorporating Latent Heat storage systems in
refrigerators is a viable method for improving cooling efficiency, reducing energy
consumption, and increasing system reliability, particularly during power interruptions or
peak load conditions
THANK YOU…...